Blood Supply to the Brain

Question 1

Describe how capillaries differ at the blood brain barrier

Answer 1

Endothelial cells are tightly packed to inhibit movement of larg molecules, protecting the brain from pathogens and internal chemicals/hormones

Question 2

2 sources of blood supply to the brain

Answer 2

1. Internal cartoids (paired)
2. Vertebral arteries (paired)

Question 3

Describe the Pathway of the Internal Carotids

Answer 3

The internal carotids branch from the common cartoids, enter the skull through the carotid canal, curve around the cavernous sinus and penetrates the dura.

Question 4

6 Branches of the Internal Carotids

Answer 4

1. Anterior Cerebral
2. Middle Cerebral
3. Opthalamic
4. Anterior Choroidal
5. Anterior Communicating
6. Posterior Communicating

Question 5

Artery: Major artery to medial aspect of cortex

Answer 5

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 6

Artery: Major artery to lateral cortex

Answer 6

Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 7

Artery: Feeds LE sesnation/motor, sensory association regons, executive functions, scheduling/planning, motivation, conflict resolution

Answer 7

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Question 8

Artery: Most common site of stroke along the middle cerebral artery

Answer 8

Lateral lenticulostriate arteries

Question 9

Artery: feeds speech, language, thalamus, basal ganglia

Answer 9

Middle Cerebral Artery

Question 10

4 Arteries that form the Circle of Willis

Answer 10

1. Anterior Communicating
2. Anterior Cerebral
3. Posterior Communicating
4. Posterior Cerebral

Question 11

Describe the importance of collateral circulation in regards to the Circle of Willis

Answer 11

If a vessel is blocked on one part of the circle, blood should be able to get to the blocked region by going around the circle the other way.

The area may receive blood but still be hypoxic

Question 12

Artery: Feeds the visual cortex, hippocampus, and lingual gyrus

Answer 12

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 13

Artery: At the junction of the posterior until it bifurcates becoming the vertebral arteries

Answer 13

Basilar Artery

Question 14

4 Branches of the Basilar Artery

Answer 14

1. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar (AICA)
2. Pontine
3. Superior Cerebellar
4. Posterior Cerebral

Question 15

Artery: Supplies pontine nuclei, CN nuclei, corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts in pontine area

Answer 15

Pontine Artery

Question 16

Artery: Supplies superior and midde cerebral peduncles, medial and lateral lemnisucus, spinothalamic tract

Answer 16

Superior Cerebellar Artery

Question 17

Artery: Supplies most of midbrain, thalamus, temporal lobe, medial/inferior occipital lobe

Answer 17

Posterior Cerebral Artery

Question 18

Describe the pathway of the Vertebral arteries

Answer 18

The vertebral arteries ascend from the subclavians through the 6th cervical vertebrae foramen, through foramen magnum, to the basilar artery

Question 19

3 Branches of the Vertebral Artery

Answer 19

1. Anterior Spinal Artery
2. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA)
3. Posterior Spinal Artery

Question 20

Artery: supplies pyraminds, medial lemniscus, medial longitudinal fasciculus, CN XII, inferior olive

Answer 20

Anterior Spinal Artery

Question 21

Artery: Supplies spinothalamic and spinocerebellary tracts, descending portion of CN V, CN IX and X (nuclues ambigus), midbrain, vermis, inferior cerebellum

Answer 21

PICA

Question 22

Artery: Supplies fasciculus gracilis and cuneatus, spinal trigeminal nucleus, some of CN X

Answer 22

Posterior Spinal Artery