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PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm > Question Bank > Flashcards

Question Bank Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 5 lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Occipital
  4. Temporal
  5. Limbic (hidden under the above lobes)
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2
Q

T/F: All the lobes of the brain are located on the periphery.

A

False: some lobes delve into the midline of the brain

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3
Q

What is the corpus callosum made up of and what is it’s function?

A

Made of: White fibers - axons

Function: “Bridge” between the two hemispheres of the brain

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4
Q

What is the name, location, and function of the “6th lobe” of the brain?

A

Name: Insular Lobe

Location: Between temporal and parietal lobes

Function: Emotional tone and regulation

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5
Q

The _____ ________ and the ___________ _______ are parts of the ______ mater, but of which function to __________ the brain.

A

Falx, cerebri, tentorium, cerebelli, dura, support

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6
Q

T/F: Gray matter is comprised of myelinated axons.

A

False:

The prompt describes white matter

Gray matter = cell bodies and unmyelinated axonal ends

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7
Q

Why does white matter appear to be white?

A

Due to myelination of nerve axons

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8
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies the lateral portion of the brain, frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, mouth, face, and UE?

A

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

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9
Q

Which cerebral artery supplies the medial portion of the brain, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and LE?

A

Anterior Cerebral Artery

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10
Q

Central cord lesions are common with what MOI?

A

Hyperextension (esp. in the eldery)

Other MOI include compression/diving and tumors

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11
Q

Who is more likely to have a SCI?

A

Men — 80% of all SCI

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12
Q

What is the average age for SCI?

A

42 yo

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13
Q

How is the level of SCI determined?

A

By the last intact mm group and dermatome

NOT BY LEVEL OF SPINAL FX

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14
Q

T/F: The ASIA level for a SCI is always the same bilaterally

A

False: you can have a level of injury for each side of your body

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15
Q

T/F: When determining the ASIA level you always take the lowest number/least function.

A

True

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16
Q

T/F: Many paraplegics are determined by their motor rather than sensory level.

A

False, flip it

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17
Q

As PTs we typically look at the ________ level before the _________ level EXCEPT in locations where only __________ options are available.

A

motor, sensory, sensory

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18
Q

What is the difference between and ASIA A and ASIA B?

A

Sacral sparing

A = sacral levels not spared

B = sacral levels spared

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19
Q

T/F: A Dr of Neurology and a Dr of Physiatry and Rehabilitation grade SCI the same.

A

False:

Neurologist: SCI at level of first spinal segment that shows abnormal neurolgical loss

PMandR: SCI at level of lowest normal sensation/motor function

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20
Q

What is the primary cause of autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Bladder distention

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21
Q

Who is at higher risk for autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Those with SCI at T6 or higher

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22
Q

T/F: Autonomic dysreflexia is not a medical emergency.

A

False: Is a medical emergency due to the larger rise in BP

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23
Q

When is DVT most likely to occur in SCI?

A

2 wks after injury

More likely acute during the flaccidity phase

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24
Q

T/F: There is a relationship between the incidence of DVT and the level of injury.

A

False

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25
Q

How would you identify heterotrophic ossifications in a patient with a SCI?

A

They would have a sudden limitation in ROM

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26
Q

What is the most common site for heterotrophic ossification?

A

The hip joint

27
Q

Why are those with SCIs at risk for bone fractures?

A

Due to lack of mobility/WB their bones demineralize to some degree

28
Q

What is thought to cause spasticity?

A

Aberrant processing of incoming sensory information by the SC

29
Q

T/F: All CN are a part of the PNS.

A

False:

While the majority are part of the PNS and surrounded by Schwann cells

CN I & II are within the skull and surrounded by oligodendrocytes and thus technically part of the CNS

30
Q

When is a CN classified as a LMN?

A

If it has any kind of motor component (pure motor or mixed)

31
Q

Describe how disorders of the brainstem can present

A

Can have a mix of

  • ipsilatera/contralateral signs
  • UMN/LMN signs
32
Q

The 4 D’s

A
  1. Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  2. Dysarthria (difficulty speaking)
  3. Diplopia (double vision)
  4. Dysmetria (difficulty coordinating motor movement
33
Q

T/F: Alternating hemiplegia must effect CN III, CN VI, AND CN XII.

A

False, the lesion does not damage all 3 in alternating hemiplegia

34
Q

Describe the Effects of the pictured Alternating Hemiplegia

A

CN III: LMN sx, L sided ptosis, L eye lateral at rest, Can’t move eye up, down, medial

Rubrospinal/Corticospinal Pathway: Contralateral UMN sx

35
Q

Describe the Effects of the pictured Alternating Hemiplegia

A

CN VI: LMN sx, L eye medial at rest, Can’t ABD eye

Corticospinal Pathway: Contralteral UMN sx

36
Q

Describe the Effects of the pictured Alternating Hemiplegia

A

CN XII: LMN sx, Difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, tongue deviates left

Corticospinal Pathway: Contralateral UMN sx

37
Q

Chemorecptors in the medulla respond to?

A

hydrogen ions and carbon dioxide

38
Q

Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and aortic bodes respond to?

A

Oxygen

39
Q

Chemoreceptors in the hypothalamus respond to?

A

Blood glucose and electrolyte levels

40
Q

T/F: The limbic system has limited to connections to a few primary structures.

A

False: highly connected to many structures

41
Q

What structures is the thalamus comprised of?

A

Cell bodies and synaptic connections

42
Q

How much blood does the every 100g of brain tissue require every minute?

A

50 mL

43
Q

What amount of blood for every 100g of brain tissue puts the brain cells

  1. in peril
  2. kills neurons
A
  1. 25 mL
  2. 8 mL
44
Q

T/F: The basilar artery is a paired artery.

A

False, only one basilar artery

45
Q

T/F: The Circle of Willis is not a common site of aneruism

A

False, is a common site

46
Q

A 65 years old man suffering from lack of coordination in speech and disturbance of articulation was referred to a neurologist by his primary physician. The neurologist diagnosed the patient to be suffering from Wallenberg’s syndrome and sent him for angiography. Which of the following arteries is most likely occluded in this patient?

A. Anterior Cerebral Artery

B. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery(PICA)

C. Anterior Spinal Artery

D. Posterior Cerebral Artery

E. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AlCA)

A

B. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery(PICA)

47
Q

You are caring for a patient who has suffered a stroke and has issues comprehending spoken language. Branches of which artery are the most likely to have been compromised?

A. Anterior cerebral artery

B. Middle cerebral artery

C. Posterior spinal artery

D. Anterior spinal artery

E. Posterior cerebral artery

A

B. Middle cerebral artery

48
Q

A 71 year old man suffering from loss of motor control and sensation in her left leg was examined by the neurologist. Subsequent angiographic procedures performed on the patient revealed that one of the arteries supplying the brain was 80% occluded. Which of the following artery most likely was occluded in this patient?

A. Right anterior cerebral artery

B. Posterior communicating artery

C. Right anterior inferior cerebellar artery

D. Left anterior cerebral artery

E. Posterior cerebral artery

A

A. Right anterior cerebral artery

49
Q

The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery arise from which artery?

A. The internal carotid artery

B. Labyrinthine artery

C. Basilar artery

D. The vertebral artery

A

A. The internal cartoid artery

50
Q

A neurologic examination of a 55 year old woman indicated that she had weaknesses and loss of discriminative touch and vibratory sense on the left side of her body. When she attempted to protrude her tongue, it deviated to the right. The blood supply of which one of the following arteries may be occluded in this patient?

A. Posterior Cerebral Artery

B. Anterior Spinal Artery

C. Anterior Cerebral Artery

D. Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery(PICA)

E. Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (AlCA)

A

B. Anterior Spinal Artery

51
Q

If a lesion occurs in the middle cerebral artery, which of the following deficits are MOST LIKELY to occur?

A. Dysarthria, Dysphagia, Locked-In Syndrome

B. Contralateral Hemiplegia and sensation loss of the leg, Cognitive and Emotional Changes

C. Dyslexia, Memory Impairments, Hemianopsia, Cortical Blindness

D. Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss in the UE, speech problems

A

D. Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss in the UE, speech problems

52
Q

If a lesion occurs in the posterior cerebral artery, which of the following deficits are MOST LIKELY to occur?

A. Contralateral hemiplegia and somatosensory loss in the UE, speech problems

B. Contralateral Hemiplegia, loss of memory, Apraxia, Aphasia

C. Dysarthria, Dysphagia, Locked-In Syndrome

D. Hemianopsia, Cortical Blindness, Weber’s syndrome

A

D. Hemianopsia, Cortical Blindness, Weber’s syndrome

53
Q

Which of the following statement is not true?

A. Circle of Willis consist of anterior communicating, anterior cerebral, posterior communicating, and posterior cerebral arteries

B. Hydrocephalus is a condition in which the primary characteristic is excessive accumulation of CSF in the brain.

C. The venous sinuses drain cerebral spinal fluid, deoxygenated blood from the brain and veins in the scalp

D. The Cerebral aqueduct is a narrow channel running from the 2nd ventricle to the 3rd ventricle.

A

D. The Cerebral aqueduct is a narrow channel running from the 2nd ventricle to the 3rd ventricle.

54
Q

Which of the following statements regarding to Circle of Willis is correct?

A. It is the primary source of blood supply for pons and medulla

B. It includes two vertebral arteries

C. It surrounds the optic chiasm and pituitary

D. The superior cerebral artery arises from this circle of arteries

E. It is the site where most of the cerebral spinal fluid is formed

A

C. It surrounds the optic chiasm and pituitary

55
Q

The MCA supplies which of the following areas of the brain?

A. Orbital and medial branches of frontal lobe

B. Lateral motor strip, lateral sensory strip. Temporal, frontal, parietal lobes. Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

C. Cerebellum, diencephalon, spinal cord, occipital, temporal lobes, medial cortex, limbic structures

D. Occipital lobe and some inferior parts of temporal, the midbrain, the thalamus

A

B. Lateral motor strip, lateral sensory strip. Temporal, frontal, parietal lobes. Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

56
Q

What type of hemorrhage is the most dangerous?

A

Subdural - blood (and pathogens it carries) touching brain

57
Q

What percent of stroke occur in the MCA?

A

70%

58
Q

T/F: The size of the lesion is direclty related to the impact on function.

A

False: The size doesn’t translate to impact - smaller more central lesions can be worse that larger lesions on the outer edge of the cortex

59
Q

Why does a lesion of the superior cerebellar artery cause Horner’s Syndrome?

A

Due to the influence of PNS drive to the eye

60
Q

What percent of strokes are caused by cerebral venous thrombosis?

A

~1%

61
Q

T/F: The dura mater and venous sinuses open the CNS to infection.

A

True

62
Q

The blood from the brain gets back to the heart via what vein?

A

Jugular veins

63
Q

Where is the choroid plexus located?

A

Choroid plexuses are present in each ventricle, however, most is located in the 2 lateral ventricles

PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm (15 decks)

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