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PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm > Somatosensory Systems > Flashcards

Somatosensory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Term: to feel, perceive, or be aware of

A

Sense

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2
Q

Function of the Sensory system

A

Allow organism to sense the body and environment

  • Carry information from periphery to cortex for conscious awareness
  • Unconscious sensation
  • Mediation of sensations
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3
Q

3 Types of Sensation from the Skin

A
  1. Touch (pressure/vibration)
  2. Pain
  3. Temperature
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4
Q

2 Types of Sensation from the Musculoskeletal system

A
  1. Proprioception
  2. Pain
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5
Q

6 Types of Information from Proprioception

A
  1. Stretch of muscles
  2. Tension of tendons
  3. Position of joints
  4. Deep vibration
  5. Static positions
  6. Dynamic positions
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6
Q

Term: Sensory information about movement

A

Kinesthetic sense

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7
Q

Structure: Located at the distal ends of peripheral neurons

A

Receptors

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8
Q

Describe how nociceptors fit into the classification system of receptors

A

Each type of receptor (mechano/chemo/thermo) has a subset classified as nociceptors that are preferentially sensistive to stimuli that damage or threaten to damage tissue and result in a sensation of pain

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9
Q

Term: area of skin innervated by a single afferent neuron

A

Receptive field

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10
Q

Describe how the receptive field changes from proximal to distal locations

A

Smaller with greater density DISTALLY

Larger with less density PROXIMALLY

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11
Q

Describe the importance of receptive fields

A

They are important to somatosensory sensation and needed for find motor control

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12
Q

Term: skin innervated by axons from a single dorsal root

A

Dermatome

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13
Q

Term: axons from a dorsal root innervating specific parts of the limbs regrouped to form nerves

A

Peripheral nerves

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14
Q

3 Superficial Cutaneous Receptors

A
  1. Meissner’s Corpuscle
  2. Merkel’s Disc
  3. Free Nerve Endings
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15
Q

2 Deep Cutaneous Receptors

A
  1. Pacinian Corpuscle
  2. Ruffini Ending
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16
Q

Receptor: Ia

A

Proprioception, muscle spindles, phasic

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17
Q

Receptor: Ib

A

Proprioceptive, GTO, phasic/tonic

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18
Q

Receptor: II

A

Propriocetive, muscle spindles, tonic

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19
Q

Receptor: Alpha Beta - Touch and vibration

A

Meissner’s (s) and Pacinian (d)

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20
Q

Receptor: Alpha Beta - Skin stretch

A

Ruffini’s Endings (d)

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21
Q

Receptor: Alpha Beta - Pressure

A

Merkel’s disc and hair follicles

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22
Q

Receptor: Alpha Delta

A

Free nerve ending: conscious pain, temperature, coarse touch

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23
Q

Receptor: C

A

Free nerve ending, unconscious pain, tempterature, itch, tickle

24
Q

Receptors: Primary superficial fine toch

A

Meissner’s corpuscles and Merkel’s discs

25
Q

Structure: Sensory organ embedded in skeletal/extrafusal muscles

A

Muscle Spindle

26
Q

3 Parts of a Muscle Spindle

A
  1. Muscle fibers
  2. Sensory endings
  3. Motor endings
27
Q

Stimuli Muscle Spindles Respond to

A

Muscle stretch

  1. Quick and tonic stretch registered by Ia
  2. Tonic stretch registered by II
28
Q

Describe how small efferent fibers adjust spindle fiber length

A

Small efferents/gamma motor neurons adjust spindle fiber length via specialized intrafusal spindles. There spindles are then responsive through the physiologic range of muscle length

29
Q

Receptor: Type of LMN

A

Ia afferents and Gamma efferents

30
Q

Structure: Relay information about tension in tendons from both active and passive stretch

A

GTO

31
Q

Structure: Information transmitted via Ib afferents

A

GTO

32
Q

Location: Cell bodies of most peripheral sensory neurons

A

Outside the SC in the DRG

Outside the brain in CN ganglia

33
Q

Cortex: Registers receptor activations (‘maps’)

A

Primary (somato)sensory cortex

34
Q

Cortex: Processes information from that sensory system alone

A

Secondary (somato)sensory cortex

35
Q

Cortex: Patterns of activity and anticipation

A

Secondary (somato)sensory cortex

36
Q

Cortex: Integrates related activity of different sensory system

A

Sensory association cortex

37
Q

3 other names for primary somatosensory cortex

A
  1. Post central gyrus
  2. 312 (Broadmann’s)
  3. S1
38
Q

Describe the organization of the somatosensory system

A

Somatotopic Organization from brain down through the cord

39
Q

Area: Receives sensory information directly from thalamus

A

Primary sensory area

40
Q

Area: Discriminates among different intensities and qualities of one type of input

A

Primary Sensory Area

41
Q

Cortical Area: Discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects

A

Primary Somatosensory (B 312)

42
Q

Cortical Area: Conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sound

A

Primary Auditory (B 41)

43
Q

Cortical Area: Distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size, and location of objects

A

Primary visual (B 17)

44
Q

Cortical Area: Discriminates among head position and head movements

A

Primary Vestibular

45
Q

Term: Integration of tactile and proprioceptive information from manipulating an object

A

Sterognosis

46
Q

Cortical Area: Stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment

A

Secondary Somatosensory (B 5&7)

47
Q

Cortical Area: Analysis of motion, color, and control of visual fixation

A

Secondary visual (B 18&19)

48
Q

Cortical Area: Classification of sounds

A

Secondary Auditory (B 42)

49
Q

Broadmann’s Area: Sensory Association Area

A

39 and 40

50
Q

Describe the function of the divergent pathway

A

It’s the medial pain system that carries slow aching diffuse pain

51
Q

Divergent Pathway: Synapses in medial and intralaminar nuclei of thalamus and projects to limbic system

A

Spinolimbic

52
Q

Divergent Pathway: Synpases in superior colliculus and periaqueductal gray

A

Spinomesencephalic

53
Q

Divergent Pathway: Synapses in brainstem reticular formation, functions for arousal, attention, sleep/wake cycles

A

Spinoreticular

54
Q

Pathway: Unconscious proprioception

A

Spinocerebellar

55
Q

Pathway: Critical for adjusting movesments and posture

A

Spinocerebellar

PTRS 852 - Neuro PT I Midterm (15 decks)

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