Spinal Cord Flashcards
Anterior neuropore forms…
After 24 days
Initial closure of neural tube starts after…
21 days
Posterior neuropore forms after…
26 days
Rachischisis is developed because of…
Undifferentiated neuroectoderm
Meningocele
There is no bone and a sac with CSF is formed.
Risk of infection but spinal cord is functional.
Meningomyelocele
Like in meningocele but Spinal cord is out of the place, herniated with the sac.
CSF is always between…
Arachnoid and pia
In the spinal cord there is a lot of…
CSF
Denticulate ligament goes from … to …
Pia, arachnoid and dura.
It keeps the spinal cord in the centre.
Denticulate ligament function
Keep the spinal cord in the centre
Conus medularis
Terminal part of spinal cord
Filum terminale internum goes from…
Conus medularis till the end of the dural sac
Filum terminale external binds…
The end of the dural sac to the coccyx
Punción lumbar se hace en…
L4-L5, solo hay roots y mucho CSF. No hay riesgo de pinchar médula espinal.
There is enlargement of the spinal cord at … levels
Cervical and lumbar
(We need more neurons to control the muscles in those regions).
Lateral horn in grey matter is found in … levels
T1-L2
Rexed laminate is a … classification of grey matter
Histological
Laminae VII
Lateral
Laminae I to VI
Posterior
Laminae VIII and IX
Anterior
White matter is divided into…
Anterior funiculus, Lateral funiculus and Posterior funiculus
C1 exits…
Between occipital bone and atlas.
C2 exits above…
2nd vertebral
C8 exits between…
C7 and T1
C7 exits above…
C7
T1 exits…
Below T1
T2 exits…
Below T2
In the lumbar disc, between L5 and S1, if the herniation is slightly posterior, it can damage…. If not it would damage…
S1, L5
X refers to the…
Centromedial region of the spinal cord
Nucleus dorsal/Clarke’s column are just found between…
T1-L3
They receive sensory info and send it to the cerebellum
In the intermediolateral cell column between T1 and L2 we find…
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons
In the intermediolateral cell column between S2 and S4 we find…
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons
Huge amount of white matter, no lateral horn, oval form: cervical region
Posterior part of the leg is…
S1
Lateral part of the leg is…
L5
Propioception and vibration…
Posterior column system (sensory)
For the posterior sensory column system…
The axon of the sensory neuron goes to the posterior part of the spinal cord and it then goes up, no synapses, the spinal cord is like a tube.
It also has some collateral roots that will go to the cerebellum or to form reflexes
IT DOES NOT CROSS IN THE SPINAL CORD, IT CROSSES LATER
In the anterolateral sensory system…
There is a synapse in the posterior horn, the axon of the second neuron will cross and go to the controlateral side.
IT CROSSES IN THE SPINAL CORD (at the same spinal level)
Information going to the cerebellum is…
IPSILATERAL
Anterior neuropore will give rise to…., posterior neuropore will give rise to….
The encephalon, the spinal cord
Basal lamina=
Alar lamina=
Marginal layer surrounding the Laminae=
Neural crest cells migrating towards the spinal cord=
- anterior horn
- posterior horn
- white matter (axons)
-dorsal root ganglia
If the neural tube does not close, and the whole spinal cord is exposed to amniotic fluid, the baby will have…
RACHISCHISIS (incompatible with life)
If we find differentiated nervous tissue and the body of the vertebrae but no lamina posteriorly, the spinal cord and meningeal sac protrude out of the spinal canal and the baby will have….
MENINGOMYELOCELE
If the baby has no lamina of the vertebra but the spinal cord remain in the canal and only the meninges and the CSF protrude, the baby will have…
MENINGOCELE
…. Manifests as a tuft of hair.
SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA
Spinal cord finishes at …
L1-L2
All the bunch of caudal roots descend in towards their corresponding foramina to exit the spinal canal:
CAUDA EQUINA
The end of the spinal canal forms a tip known as…
CONUS MEDULLARIS
