CORTICAL FUNCTIONS

Question 1

Anterior-posterior organization cortex

Answer 1

Question 2

Primary motor cortex, area

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Premotor area and supplementary area:

Answer 3

6

Question 4

Frontal eye field area

Answer 4

8

Question 5

Broca’s area (only dominant side)

Answer 5

44

Question 6

Three functional regions of prefrontal cortex

Answer 6

• DORSOLATERAL REGION: executive function (planning, attention)
• MEDIAL FRONTAL REGION: motivation
• ORBITOFRONTAL REGION: impulse control, social behaviour.

Question 7

A person with a lesion in the medial frontal region of the prefrontal cortex might have…

Answer 7

Lack of motivation

Question 8

A person with a lesion in the Orbitofrontal region of the prefrontal cortex might…

Answer 8

Say things without filter

Question 9

A person with a lesion in the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex might have problems in…

Answer 9

Attention or planning

Question 10

Trail making test is used to assess…

Answer 10

The dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex (which controls executive function)
People with problems in attention fail this test

Question 11

Stroop test is used to assess…

Answer 11

Executive function (attention) controlled by the dorsolateral region of the prefrontal cortex

Question 12

Perception of primary stimuli

Answer 12

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 13

Integration of somatosensory information

Answer 13

Secondary somatosensory cortex

Question 14

Sequential learned movement realization,
movement imitation. COGNITIVE TASKS (DANCING)
(spatial attention, drawing: non-dominant side;
writing, calculation in dominant side)

Answer 14

Tertiary somatosensory cortex

Question 15

Visuo-motor integration

Answer 15

Posterior parietal cortex

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

Left side: understanding meaning
Right side: musicality

Question 17

Usually, … hemisphere is dominant and … hemisphere is more related to creativity.

Answer 17

Left, right

Question 18

Postcentral gyrus: Primary somatosensory area have BA…

Answer 18

3, 1, 2

Question 19

Secondary somatosensory area, BA…

Answer 19

7, 40

Question 20

Tertiary somatosensory area, BA…

Answer 20

39, 23

Question 21

Lesion in primary somatosensory area

Answer 21

Contralateral Hypoesthesia

Question 22

Astereognosis (inability to identify things placed in your hand) or agrafoestesis (recognise things drawn in the palm of the hand) are signs of a lesion in the…

Answer 22

SECONDARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX (elaborate building of perception)

Question 23

Agraphia, acalculia, finger agnosia and inability to
distinguish between the right and left sides of one´s body… show a lesion in the…

Answer 23

Tertiary somatosensory area (cognitive functions)

Question 24

Perception of primary visual stimuli

Answer 24

Primary visual cortex

Question 25

Integration of visual information with other systems

Answer 25

Secondary and tertiary visual areas

Question 26

Primary visual area, BA…

Answer 26

17

Question 27

If they show you an object and you do not know what it is, you might have a problem in…

Answer 27

Secondary and tertiary associative visual areas

Question 28

Perception of primary sounds

Answer 28

Primary auditory cortex

Question 29

Perception of combined sounds, relationship between sounds

Answer 29

Secondary auditory cortex (Wernicke in dominant hemisphere)

Question 30

Multi sensory integration is carried out by….

Answer 30

Tertiary auditory cortex

Question 31

Alexia or dislexia might show a problem in the…

Answer 31

Secondary and tertiary associative visual areas

Question 32

A patient have have alexia without …

Answer 32

Agrafia

Question 33

Memory is controlled by…

Answer 33

Hippocampus (allocortex) + medial temporal lobe (entorhinal, perirhinal and parahippocampal cortex - BA 28, 35, 36 -)

Question 34

A lesion in hippocampus and medial temporal lobe might cause…

Answer 34

AMNESIC SYNDROME

Question 35

Language reception is carried out by…

Answer 35

WERNICKE’S AREA (22) and PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX (41, 42)

Question 36

Language production is carried out by…

Answer 36

BROCA’S AREA (44, 45)

Question 37

WERNICKE’S area and BROCA’S area are connected by the…

Answer 37

ARQUATE FASCICULUS

Question 38

LEFT CEREBRAL DOMINANCE

Answer 38

- 95% in right handed - 60-75% in left handed

Question 39

Inability to comprehend and/or formulate written or spoken language because of damage to specific brain regions

Answer 39

APHASIA

Question 40

Speech disorder caused by muscle weakness

Answer 40

DYSARTHRIA (when you get drunk)

Question 41

Motor aphasia

Answer 41

Broca lesion

Question 42

Sensory aphasia

Answer 42

Wernicke lesion

Question 43

Global or mixed aphasia

Answer 43

Motor and sensory areas are lesioned

Question 44

Conduction aphasia

Answer 44

Damage to arquate fasciculus

Question 45

Answer 45

Broca’s aphasia

Question 46

Acquired motor skills; organized movements of variable complexity, learned and planned with a certain aim, that become automated due to repeated training

Answer 46

PRAXIS

Question 47

Loss of the ability to execute or carry out skilled movements and gestures, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform them; without motor or sensory deficit and without lack of coordination or alteration in conscience level

Answer 47

APRAXIA

Question 48

Lesions in the parietal dominant regions cause…

Answer 48

Ideomotor or ideatory apraxia (they cannot do the victory sign)

Question 49

Lesions in the parietal non-dominant regions cause…

Answer 49

Constructive or dressing apraxia

Question 50

Inability to recognize and identify learned stimuli, without sensory deficit or alteration in consciousness. Symptoms may vary, according to the area of the brain that is affected

Answer 50

AGNOSIA

Question 51

Ability to recognise the significance of sensory stimuli

Answer 51

GNOSIA

Question 52

inability to identify single objets when they are simultaneously perceived with others. Appears in bilateral parieto-occipital lesions

Answer 52

Simultagnosia