Spinal cord 1 Flashcards
Sacral cord ends at? what level
L2
Sacral roots descend to _________.
sacral foramina
This provides horizontal support of the spinal cord.
Denticulate ligament
the spinal cord is stabilized in vertical direction too, what does this?
Filum Terminale
CSF runs inside the _____________ inside the vertebrae.
subarachnoid space
Conus medullaris ends at __.
L2
Lumbar cistern begins at ___.
L3
What hole does the dorsal roots come out of?
Intervertebral foramen
Where do neurons reside? Grey or white matter?
grey matter
Gray and white matter come from the color of _________ tissue.
unstained
What matter is high intensity of myelin stain (axons)?
White matter
What matter has variable intensity of stain within gray matter (cell bodies, but also some axons entering and exiting in horizontal plane)
Gray matter
Glia reside in gray or white matter?
both!
Brachial plexus is from where to where?
C5-T1
Which layer is where pain and temperature synapse? (not as important)
II Substantia gelatinosa
What layer of cord gives deep touch? (not as important)
III/IV/V Nucleus proprius
What is the name of the fissure on the front of the spinal cord?
anterior median fissure
What is the name of the sulcus on the back of the spinal cord?
Posterior median sulcus
What gives fine touch?
Posterior (dorsal) column system
What gives pain/temp/crude touch?
Anterolateral system
Why are dermatomes important?
loss of sensation in a dermatome pattern is a sign of a focal or segmental pathology of the spinal cord, dorsal roots, or proximal spinal nerves at the same level corresponding segmental level.
What are the 2 consecutive neurons and where are they?
Upper motorneurons in precentral gyrus
Lower motorneurons in Ventral/Anterior horn
Cervical plexus in what level?
C1-C4
Brachial plexus what level?
C5-T1
Lumbosacral plexus what level?
L1-S5
Explain the testing of the corticospinal system.
5/5 is normal strength, can overcome resistance from examiner
4/5 is limited ability to overcome resistance
3/5 does not overcome resistance but can overcome gravity
2/5 movement does not overcome gravity
1/5 muscle contraction without movement
0/5 no contraction… paralysis
The patellar reflex is from a __________ reflex. Sensory input activates __________ for knee extension.
stretch
motorneurons
What is a normal reaction to deep tendon reflex rating?
2/4
You are detecting _______ and _______ with muscle spindles.
Velocity (type 1a fibers)
Amplitude (type 2 fibers)
This is clinically defined and tested as the degree of resistance to passive stretch a specific muscle.
Muscle tone
Pre-ganglionic ANS neurons are regulated by ?
Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Subcortical telencephalon
Cerebral cortex
The urinary sympathetic nervous system: is _______ storage.
Inhibits ___________
Activates External _________
Urinary storage
Inhibits detrusor
Activates External sphincter
Parasympathetic of urinary system: Urinary voiding
Activates __________
detrusor
Origins of segmental supply (arteries)
Cervical: vertebral
Thoracic: P. Intercostal
Lumbar: Lumbar arteries
Sacral: Lateral/Medial sacral
Posterior internal venous plexus is in what space?
Epidural space, outside of dura but inside vertebrae
