Spinal cord 1

Question 1

Sacral cord ends at? what level

Answer 1

L2

Question 2

Sacral roots descend to _________.

Answer 2

sacral foramina

Question 3

This provides horizontal support of the spinal cord.

Answer 3

Denticulate ligament

Question 4

the spinal cord is stabilized in vertical direction too, what does this?

Answer 4

Filum Terminale

Question 5

CSF runs inside the _____________ inside the vertebrae.

Answer 5

subarachnoid space

Question 6

Conus medullaris ends at __.

Answer 6

L2

Question 7

Lumbar cistern begins at ___.

Answer 7

L3

Question 8

What hole does the dorsal roots come out of?

Answer 8

Intervertebral foramen

Question 9

Where do neurons reside? Grey or white matter?

Answer 9

grey matter

Question 10

Gray and white matter come from the color of _________ tissue.

Answer 10

unstained

Question 11

What matter is high intensity of myelin stain (axons)?

Answer 11

White matter

Question 12

What matter has variable intensity of stain within gray matter (cell bodies, but also some axons entering and exiting in horizontal plane)

Answer 12

Gray matter

Question 13

Glia reside in gray or white matter?

Answer 13

both!

Question 14

Brachial plexus is from where to where?

Answer 14

C5-T1

Question 15

Which layer is where pain and temperature synapse? (not as important)

Answer 15

II Substantia gelatinosa

Question 16

What layer of cord gives deep touch? (not as important)

Answer 16

III/IV/V Nucleus proprius

Question 17

What is the name of the fissure on the front of the spinal cord?

Answer 17

anterior median fissure

Question 18

What is the name of the sulcus on the back of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Posterior median sulcus

Question 19

What gives fine touch?

Answer 19

Posterior (dorsal) column system

Question 20

What gives pain/temp/crude touch?

Answer 20

Anterolateral system

Question 21

Why are dermatomes important?

Answer 21

loss of sensation in a dermatome pattern is a sign of a focal or segmental pathology of the spinal cord, dorsal roots, or proximal spinal nerves at the same level corresponding segmental level.

Question 22

What are the 2 consecutive neurons and where are they?

Answer 22

Upper motorneurons in precentral gyrus

Lower motorneurons in Ventral/Anterior horn

Question 23

Cervical plexus in what level?

Answer 23

C1-C4

Question 24

Brachial plexus what level?

Answer 24

C5-T1

Question 25

Lumbosacral plexus what level?

Answer 25

L1-S5

Question 26

Explain the testing of the corticospinal system.

Answer 26

5/5 is normal strength, can overcome resistance from examiner
4/5 is limited ability to overcome resistance
3/5 does not overcome resistance but can overcome gravity
2/5 movement does not overcome gravity
1/5 muscle contraction without movement
0/5 no contraction… paralysis

Question 27

The patellar reflex is from a __________ reflex. Sensory input activates __________ for knee extension.

Answer 27

stretch

motorneurons

Question 28

What is a normal reaction to deep tendon reflex rating?

Answer 28

2/4

Question 29

You are detecting _______ and _______ with muscle spindles.

Answer 29

Velocity (type 1a fibers)

Amplitude (type 2 fibers)

Question 30

This is clinically defined and tested as the degree of resistance to passive stretch a specific muscle.

Answer 30

Muscle tone

Question 31

Pre-ganglionic ANS neurons are regulated by ?

Answer 31

Brainstem
Hypothalamus
Subcortical telencephalon
Cerebral cortex

Question 32

The urinary sympathetic nervous system: is _______ storage.
Inhibits ___________
Activates External _________

Answer 32

Urinary storage
Inhibits detrusor
Activates External sphincter

Question 33

Parasympathetic of urinary system: Urinary voiding

Activates __________

Answer 33

detrusor

Question 34

Origins of segmental supply (arteries)

Answer 34

Cervical: vertebral
Thoracic: P. Intercostal
Lumbar: Lumbar arteries
Sacral: Lateral/Medial sacral

Question 35

Posterior internal venous plexus is in what space?

Answer 35

Epidural space, outside of dura but inside vertebrae