Development of nervous system

Question 1

What embryonic event takes place during the third week of embryogenesis.

Answer 1

Gastrulation- bilaminar becomes trilaminar

Question 2

Cells of the epiblast that remain in place form the _________-

Answer 2

ectoderm

Question 3

Some of the cells of the epiblast invaginate and form the ____________.

Answer 3

primitive streak

Question 4

some of the cells of the epiblast detach from the epiblast and form the ________

Answer 4

mesoderm.

Question 5

SOme of the cells detach from the epiblast and move deeper and begin replacing hypoblast cells forming _________.

Answer 5

endoderm

Question 6

3 structures involved in development of nervous system

Answer 6

Notochord first
Neural tube
Neural crest

Question 7

The central nervous system develops from the primitive __________.

Answer 7

ectoderm

Question 8

The first step of the neural system development is the formation of the ___________.

Answer 8

neural PLATE

Question 9

Neural plate becomes ____________.

Answer 9

Neural groove

Question 10

Around week 3 the neural groove begins to close to form the neural tube.

Answer 10

Neural tube

Question 11

The ________________ segments of the spinal cord and their corresponding dorsal and ventral roots are formed by secondary neurulation.

Answer 11

sacral and coccygeal

Question 12

The caudal eminence joins the ___________, and its cavity becomes continuous with the neural canal.

Answer 12

neural tube

Question 13

The peripheral nervous system develops from cells of the_________.

Answer 13

neural crest

Question 14

During 4th week the central canal rostrally gives rise to the 3 primary brain vesicles, which are what?

Answer 14

prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 15

During 5th week the 3 primary brain vesicles divide into _____ secondary brain vesicles.

Answer 15

five

Question 16

The optic cup and nerves bulge from the _________ to form the eye

Answer 16

diencephalon

Question 17

Anterior horn motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle and are classified as __________.

Answer 17

Somatic efferent (SE)

Question 18

The lateral horn motor neurons project to autonomic ganglia and are classified as ______________.

Answer 18

Visceral efferent (VE)

Question 19

________ are paired blocks of paraxial mesoderm

Answer 19

Somites

Question 20

Somites separate and form three main tomes? what are they and what do they develop into.

Answer 20

Dermatome= skin
Scleratome =vertebrae
Myotome= muscles

Question 21

Within brainstem, where do sensory and motor fibers go?

Answer 21

sensory stay dorsolaterally

motor stay ventrallaterally

Question 22

The cerebellum arises from the rostral part of the ___________.

Answer 22

Rhombic lip

Question 23

True/False: the cerebral cortex is formed in a sequence called the “inside-out pattern of development.”

Answer 23

True

Question 24

How do neurons find their targets?

Answer 24

They secrete attractant molecules, called trophic factors or signpost molecules.

Question 25

Neuronal growth cones send out small extensions called what?

Answer 25

filipodia

Question 26

The sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia are derived from ________.

Answer 26

neural crest cells

Question 27

The anterior neuropore fails to close, stops formation of fetus brain formation, death is inevitable.

Answer 27

Anencephaly

Question 28

What is a failure of the back of the skull to close?

Answer 28

cranhioshisis
not as important below:
meningocele- cyst has meninges
meningoencepalocele- meninges plus brain
meningohydroencephalocele- meninges plus brain and part of ventricular system

Question 29

What is myeloschisis, a defect in closure of posterior neuropore. always involves a failure of vertebral arches to close.

Answer 29

Spina bifida

Question 30

True/False: spina bifida is not preventable.

Answer 30

False, preventable!

Question 31

What should you do to prevent spina bifida?

Answer 31

supplement with folic acid, reduces incidence of neural tube defects.

Question 32

What is failure of migration of parasympathetic ganglion cells from the neural crest? Missing plexus of meissner and Auerbach. Leads to severe constipation

Answer 32

Hirschprung disease

Question 33

Failure of the 2 cerebral hemispheres to separate?

Answer 33

Prosencephalization

Question 34

What does a small eye opening, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip a clue for?

Answer 34

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 35

What is the congenital nervous system defects of fetal exposure to common infectious disease?

Answer 35

TORCH
Toxoplasmosis
Other agents
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex virus. HIV infection.

Question 36

Zika virus has been associated with a striking increase in the number of reported cases of _________ in newborns.

Answer 36

Microcephaly