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Quarter 2 > Spinal Bio I test 2 > Flashcards

Spinal Bio I test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four descriptive regions of the Occipital Vertebra?

A
  1. Basi-Occiput
  2. Squamous
    3/4. L/R Lateral portions
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2
Q

What shape is the occipital vertebra?

A

Trapezoidal

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3
Q

Describe the Embryologic Formation of the Occiput

A

Ring around Foramen Magnum derived from the top 1/2 of cranial primary sclerotome

Homologous to a C1 embedded into the base of the skull

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4
Q

The internal part of the occiput is what shape?

A

Concave

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5
Q

The external part of the occiput is what shape?

A

Convex

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6
Q

What are 5 points that describe the Basilar/Basi-Occiput Portion of the Occiput?

A
  1. Everything anterior to the Foramen Magnum
  2. Articulates with the Sphenoid Bone and L/R Temporal Bones
  3. Distinct Trapezoid outline (x-ray landmark)
  4. Pharyngeal Tubercle
  5. Internal Surface
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7
Q

Describe the Pharyngeal Tubercle

A

On Basilar Portion of Occiput
“small bump”
Located in the mid-external basion
Attachment for the Longus Capitus Muscle

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8
Q

Describe the Internal Surface of the Basilar Portion of the Occiput

A 
Smooth
Deeply concave
Featureless
Supports Anterior Medulla Oblongata
Penetrated by several small foramina (transmit CN)
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9
Q

3 Main points about the Lateral Portions of the Occiput

A
  1. Everything Lateral to the FM
  2. Articulates with L/R Temporal bones and C1 below
  3. Occipital Condyles
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10
Q

What and where are the occipital condyles?

A

2 oval bony projections

Lateral to the anterior 1/2 of FM

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11
Q

What do Long Axes do and form?

A

Converge anteriorly
Form L/R “Angles of Condylar Convergence”
- May be asymmetrical
- Vary widely person to person

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12
Q

What forms the Angles of Condylar Convergence?

A

Long Axes

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13
Q

6 Points about the Condylar Articulation surfaces

A
  1. Smooth, clearly marginated surface
  2. Actual point of articulation with C1
  3. Kidney shaped and convex along long and short axis
  4. Covers entire bottom of condyle
  5. FACE INFEROLATERALLY
  6. Both slope and convexity are highly variable and may be asymmetrical
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14
Q

In which direction do the Condylar Articular Surfaces face?

A

Inferolaterally

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15
Q

Where does the Longus Capitus Muscle attach?

A

Pharyngeal Tubercle of the Basilar Portion of the Occiput

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16
Q

What supports the Anterior Portion of the Medulla Oblongata?

A

Internal Surface of the Basilar Portion of the Occiput

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17
Q

What articulates with the R/L Temporal bones and C1

A

Lateral Portion of Occiput

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18
Q

What articulates with the L/R Temporal Bone and the Sphenoid Bone?

A

Basilar Portion of the Occiput

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19
Q

Where are the Alar Ligaments attached?

A

Condylar Tubercles of Lateral Portion of Occiput

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20
Q

3 points about Condylar Tubercles

A
  1. Located on Medial Condylar Surface
  2. Project into FM
  3. Attach Alar Ligaments
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21
Q

3 points about Condyloid fossae

A
  1. Shallow Depression Posterior to the condyles
  2. Receieve posterior lips of the lateral masses
  3. Prevents bony “kissing” in hyperextension
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22
Q

What prevents bony kissing in hyperextension?

A

Condyloid Fossas

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23
Q

3 points about the Jugular Process

A
  1. Tabs of bone lateral to the condyles
  2. Named for Jugular notch, foramen, vein
  3. Homologous to C1 TP’s
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24
Q

What is Homologous to C1 TP’s?

A

Jugular Process of the Lateral Portion of the Occiput

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25
Q

What portion of the occiput is penetrated by several small foramina (transmit CN)?

A

Lateral Portion

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26
Q

5 Points about the Squamous Portion of the Occiput

A
  1. Everything Posterior to the FM
  2. Articulates with Parietal Bones
  3. External Surface
  4. Internal Surface
  5. Foramen Magnum
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27
Q

External Occipital Protuberance

A

EOP
Large tubercle in the middle of the external squamous portion

Easily palpated on the posterior skull
Attachment for Nuchal Ligament

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28
Q

Medial Nuchal Line

A

Attachment for Nuchal Ligament
Prominent bony ridge from FM to EOP
Nuchal= posterior neck/head region

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29
Q

Highest Nuchal Line

A

Faint/ indistinct body ridge
Project Superolaterally from EOP
Attach Occipitalis m.
Recognized and named later

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30
Q

Superior Nuchal Line

A

Projects laterally from EOP
Attach Trapezius and Splenius Capitus M.
Prominent, easily palpated body ridge
L/R

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31
Q

Inferior Nuchal Line

A

L/R
Projects laterally from Median Nuchal Line midway btw FM and EOP

Attach RCP Major and Superior Oblique m.
Prominent body ridge

Hard to palpate b/c under the “occipital shelf”

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32
Q

What are the 3 Occipital Plana?

A
  1. Planum Occipitale
  2. Superior Nuchal Plana
  3. Inferior Nuchal Plana
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33
Q

Where do the Trapezius and Splenius Capitus Muscles attach?

A

Superior Nuchal Line

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34
Q

Where does the Occipitalis m attach?

A

Highest Nuchal Line

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35
Q

Where does the Nuchal Ligament attach?

A

EOP

Median Nuchal Line

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36
Q

Where do the RCP Major and Superior Oblique m attach?

A

Inferior Nuchal lines

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37
Q

What is above the Highest Nuchal Line?

A

Planum Occipitale

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38
Q

3 points for Planum Occipitale

A
  1. Above the Highest Nuchal Lines
  2. Underlies scalp
  3. Smooth and featureless
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39
Q

What is between the Superior and Inferior Nuchal Lines?

A

Superior Nuchal Plana

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40
Q

3 Points for Superior Nuchal Plana

A
  1. L/R
  2. Btw Sup/Inf Nuchal Lines
  3. Attach Semi-Spinalis Capitis m
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41
Q

Where does the Semi-Spinalis Capitis m attach?

A

Superior Nuchal Plana

42
Q

3 Points for the Inferior Nuchal Plana

A
  1. L/R
  2. Btw the FM and Inferior Nuchal LIne
  3. Attach RCP Minor m
43
Q

Where does the RCP Minor m attach?

A

Inferior Nuchal Plana

44
Q

3 points on the Internal surface of the Squamous portion of the occiput

A
  1. Deeply concave (cradles posterior lobes of brain)
  2. Cruciate Eminence
  3. IOP (Internal Occipital Protuberance)
45
Q

Describe 5 points about the Cruciate Eminence

A
  1. 2 prominent perpendicular ridges
  2. Attachment for internal membranes
  3. Divides internal surface into 4 fossae
  4. L/R Superior Fossae cradle
  5. L/R Inferior Fossae cradle
46
Q

What do the L/R Superior Fossae Cradles hold?

A

Occipital lobes of the cerebrum

47
Q

What do the L/R Inferior Fossae Cradles hold?

A

L/R lobes of the cerebellum

48
Q

4 Points about the IOP

A
  1. Intersection of the Cruciate Eminence
  2. Directly internal to the EOP
  3. Up to 3/4” thick (1/4”everywhere else)
  4. Smooth, featureless (cradles and supports brain tissue)
49
Q

What is at the intersection of the Cruciate Eminence?

A

IOP

50
Q

What is directly internal to the EOP?

A

IOP

51
Q

What is the largest bony foramen in the skull?

A

FM

52
Q

What is the 3rd largest body foramen in the skeleton?

A

FM

1/2= L/R Obturators

53
Q

What is the FM shaped like?

A

Pinched oval

54
Q

What passes the spinal cord from the skull to the spine?

A

FM

55
Q

What are the 5 main points for the FM?

A
  1. Largest Bony Foramen in Skull
  2. 2nd largest Foramen in Skeleton
  3. Pinched oval shape
  4. Passes spinal cord from skull to spine
  5. Divided into 2 regions- post + ant
56
Q

Describe the shape of the posterior portion of the FM

A

Larger

Round Portion

57
Q

What passes thru the Posterior Portion of the FM?

A

Spinal Cord

58
Q

Describe the shape of the Anterior portion of the FM

A

Smaller

Square Portion

59
Q

What does the Anterior Portion of the FM accommodate?

A

Odontoid Ligaments

60
Q

What is the boundary between the Anterior and Posterior Portion of the FM?

A

Condylar Tubercles

61
Q

What are 5 typical characteristics of a cervical vertebra?

A
  1. Small, irregular vertebra
  2. 3 Foramina
  3. Bifid Spinous Process
  4. Uncinate Processes
  5. Body
62
Q

What are the 3 Foramina in a typical cervical vertebra?

A
  1. Neural/ Vertebral Foramen (1)

2. L/R Transversarii Foramen (2)

63
Q

What is the typical shape of a Cervical Vertebral Body?

A

Wide Oval

Rectangular Cylinder

64
Q

What are 3 points for the Inferior Epiphysis of the Typical Cervical Vertebra?

A
  1. Concave AP
  2. Prominent Anterior Lipping
  3. Slight Posterior Lipping
65
Q

What part of the Cervical Vertebra has an Uncinate Process?

A

Superior Epiphysis

66
Q

What are the 3 points for the Superior Epiphysis?

A
  1. Uncinate Processes (prominent lateral lips)
  2. Slight posterior lipping
  3. Form Unco-Vertebral Joints
67
Q

Describe Unco-Vertebral Joints

A

Articulate with sides of inferior epiphysis above
AKA JOINTS OF VON LUSHKA
Unique to cervical spine

DOESN’T involve anterior lipping of inferior epiphysis

68
Q

3 points of the posterior surface of a typical cervical vertebral body

A
  1. Basi-Vertebral Foramina/men
  2. Exit for the Base-Vertebral Veins
  3. Arteries enter through small “Nutritive Foramen”
69
Q

What are short, horizontal cylinders of bone on a typical cervical vertebra?

A

Pedicles

70
Q

These project posterolaterally from the corners of the body of a cervical vertebra

A

Pedicles

71
Q

Describe the Pedicle notches of a cervical vertebra

A

Approximately equal Superior/Inferior Notches

72
Q

What forms the Cervical IVF’s

A

Pedicle notches

73
Q

What are the shape of the Cervical IVF’s

A

Square with rounded corners

74
Q

How do you view Cervical IVF’s?

A

Seen on Cervical Obliques Only (ipsilaterally)

75
Q

What are the 2 lateral cylinders at the LPJ?

A

Articular Pillars/ Columns

76
Q

Cervical Pre-Zygapophysis

A

Superior 1/3
Project upward from LPJ
SAS

77
Q

The Cervical SAS’s Face…

A

Posterosuperior, slightly Medial

In lower cervs: more Posterior, slightly Lateral

78
Q

What are the shape of Cervical SAS’s/ IAS’s?

A

Round/Oval
Smooth
Flat
Cover entire surface of the articular pillars

79
Q

What is the middle 1/3 of the articular pillars?

A

Pars Interarticularis
Narrow, Constricted middle
Pedicles attach Anteromedially
Lamina attach Posteromedially

80
Q

Cervical Post-Zygapophysis

A

Inferior 1/3
Project downward from LPJ
IAS

81
Q

The Cervical IAS’s face…

A

Anteroinferior, slightly Lateral

In lower cervs: more Anterior, slightly Medial

82
Q

Long, thin, vertical plates of bone on a Cervical Vertebra?

A

Laminae

83
Q

What projects Posteromedially from the Articular Pillars (Cervs)?

A

Laminae

84
Q

What do the Laminae do?

A

Meet and fuse in the midline= line of interlaminar fusion
Becomes spinous base
Form Posterolateral walls of neural canal

85
Q

What part of a Cervical Vertebra is short and delicate?

A

Spinous Process

86
Q

How do Cervical Spinous Processes project?

A

Posterior and slightly Inferior

87
Q

What are the ends of SP’s in Cervicals?

A

Bifid Tips

2 Posterolateral L/R Distal Spinous Tubercles

88
Q

Are the SP’s in the cervicals easy or hard to palpate?

A

Hard within Lordotic Curve

89
Q

What is the Anomaly that may occur in Cervical SP’s?

A

Often missing bifid tip (aplasia or non-ossification)

90
Q

What projects anterolaterally in a cervical vertebra?

A

TP

91
Q

AKA’s for Anterior TP in Cervical Vertebra?

A

False

Costo-Transverse

92
Q

How do the Anterior TP’s project in Cervical Vertebra?

A

Anterolaterally from the body

93
Q

What is the end of an Anterior TP in Cervical Vertebra?

A

Anterior Distal Transverse Tubercle

94
Q

What are Anterior TP’s homologous to?

A

Ribs

95
Q

What is on the Anterior TP of C6?

A

Carotid Tubercles

96
Q

AKA for Posterior TP?

A

True TP

97
Q

What projects Anterolaterally from the Articular Pillars of a Cervical Vertebra?

A

Posterior/True TP

98
Q

How do the Posterior TP’s run?

A

Parallel to Anterior TP

99
Q

What do the Posterior TPs end in?

A

Posterior Distal Transverse Tubercle

100
Q

What is the thin horizontal plate of bone in the cervical vertebrae that forms a trough like floor?

A

Costo-Transverse Lamella

101
Q

What do the Costo-Transverse Lamella Do?

A

Connect the inferior portions of the Anterior and Posterior TP’s distally

102
Q

What is the large round hole through the Cervical TP’s?

A

Foramen Transversarii

Quarter 2 (7 decks)

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