Spinal Bio I Muscle Test Flashcards
40% of body weight
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Controlled Consciously
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Act through contraction only- pull attachments closer together
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Work in antagonistic pairs
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Pull the same joint in opposite directions
Antagonistic Pairs of Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Actually working together
Antagonistic pairs Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Called Synergy
Antagonistic Pairs
Attach to skeleton by Tendons
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Attach muscle to skeleton by collagen bands or cords
Tendon
Attach to skeleton by Aponeuroses
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Broad, Flattened Tendon
Aponeuroses
Several muscles attach to its margins
Aponeuroses
Thin connective tissue skin
Fascia
Wide variation in size and shape
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Have Blood and Nerve Supply
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Dilate during exercise
Extensive Capillary Bed
Increased blood flow and supply during activity
Extensive Capillary Bed
Called Pumping up
Extensive Capillary Bed
Myoglobin stores O2 in muscle tissues
Skeletal/Voluntary/Striated/Somatic Muscles
Common foramen for nerves and blood vessels
Neurovascular Hilus
Located in the middle or at the ends of a muscle
Neurovascular Hilus
Arteries and Veins enter together
Neurovascular Hilus
What enters and exits thru the Neurovascular Hilus?
Nerves
May supply one muscle fiber or several
Motor Neurons
Fewer fibers/neuron= more precise control
Motor Nerves
More fibers/ Neurons= less precise control
Motor Nerves
Neuromuscular Spindles AKA
Contraction
Neuromuscular Spindles
Sensory Nerves
Tendon end organs
Sensory nerves
Stretch Receptors AKA
Tendon End Organs
Send Information back to the CNS
Sensory Nerves
Information back to the CNS AKA
Proprioception
6 Components of Muscle Names
- Attachment
- Shape/ Size
- Position
- Construction
- Action
- Combination
Iliocostalis describes
Attachment
Rhomboideus Major/Minor describes
Shape/Size
Serratus Posterior Superior describes
Position
Multifidi Describes
Constriction
Levator Scapulae Describes
Action
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major Describes
Combination
3 Components of Muscle Descriptions
- Origin
- Insertion
- Action
Stabilized attachment (s)
Origin
Usually Proximal or Inferior
Origin
Usually bony, may be ligamentous
Origin
Insertion
Moving Attachment (s)
Insertion
Must span one or may span more than one joint
Insertion
Usually Distal or Superior
Insertion
Motion caused by muscle contraction is…
Action
General: Pull insertion toward origin
Action
4 Subcategories of Action
- Unilateral
- Bilateral
- Reverse Origin/ Insertion (OI)
- Isometric
Bilateral Trunk Muscles (action)
Unilateral
One side only contracts (action)
Unilateral
Opposite muscle relaxes (synergy of antagonists) (action)
Unilateral
Both sides contract simultaneously (action)
Bilateral
Only significant if different than the unilateral action (action)
Bilateral
Origin/ Insertion = most common/ conventional usage (action)
Reverse Origin/ Insertion (O I)
Both Attachments may be mobile (action)
Reverse Origin/ Insertion (O I)
(O I) Explain/Define
Origin considered as insertion
Only significant if this produces relevant actions (action)
Reverse Origin/ Insertion (O I)
Muscle contraction w/o net motion (action)
Isometric
Always Bilateral action (action)
Isometric
Usually postural and/or balance (action)
Isometric
May be the most important muscle action (for many spinal muscles)
Isometric
How are Spinal Muscles organized?
Into 5 Layers
Layer I includes (basic)
2 arm muscles
Layer II includes (basic)
3 shoulder muscles
Layer III includes (basic)
2 Respiration muscles
2 Head/ Neck muscles
Layer VI includes (basic)
1 Extensive Postural Muscle
Layer V includes (Basic)
4 Sub Groups
- Transversospinal Muscles (5)
- Sub-Occipital muscles (4)
- Anterior/ Pre-Vertebral Muscles (7)
- Lateral Muscles (3)
What are the 4 Sub Groups of Layer V?
- Transversospinal Muscles (5)
- Sub-Occipital muscles (4)
- Anterior/ Pre-Vertebral Muscles (7)
- Lateral Muscles (3)
2 Muscles of Layer I
- Trapezius
2. Latissimus Dorsi
AKA Trapezium
Trapezius
Shield Shaped Muscle
Trapezius
Triangular Membranous Muscle
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Covers Upper Trunk and Neck
Trapezius
Central Aponeurosis (Upper Thoracic)
Trapezius
These are…..
- EOP to the medial superior nuchal line
- Nuchal ligament down to C7
- SP and Supraspinous Ligament C7-T12
- Midline from EOP to T12
Origins of Trapezius
4 Origins of Trapezius
- EOP to the medial superior nuchal line
- Nuchal ligament down to C7
- SP and Supraspinous Ligament C7-T12
- Midline from EOP to T12
Inserts on the Lateral Portion of the Clavicle, Acromion and Superior/Inferior borders of the Scapula
Trapezius
Trapezius Insertion can be divided into how many sections? What are they?
- Superior
- Middle
- Inferior
Braces the shoulder during arm motions?
Action of Trapezius
Insertion of Trap. Elevates Scapula?
Superior
Insertion of Trap. Retracts Scapula?
Middle
Insertion of Trap. Depresses Scapula?
Inferior
O I: Unilateral- Lateral Flexion/ Contralateral Rotation (action)
Trapezius Action
O I: Bilateral- Extension of head and neck (action)
Trapezius Action
Innervated by Accessory Nerve (CN XI) (C3,4 n)
Trapezius
Most Lateral Muscle of the Back
Latissimus Dorsi
Covers Lower Trunk
Latissimus Dorsi
Forms the Posterior Margin of the Axilla
Latissimus Dorsi
Origin: deep to Trap. from T7/6- T12
Latissimus Dorsi
SP/ Supraspinous Ligament T5/6 - T12
Latissimus Dorsi origin
Ribs 9-12
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Latissimus Dorsi Origin
Broad, Flat Diamond- Shaped Tendon
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Attaches to PSIS’s and Iliac Crests
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Attaches to the Median and Intermediate Sacral Crests
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Attaches to Lumbar SP’s and MP’s
Thoracolumbar Fascia
Attaches muscles of Several Layers
Latissimus Dorsi
Insertion is Proximal, Medial Humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Adduction/ Extension/ Internal Rotation of the arm
Latissimus Dorsi Action
Innervated by Throacodorsal Nerves (C6-8)
Latissimus Dorsi
Triangular area of the Dorsal Thorax
Triangle of Auscultation
Not covered by Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, or Scapula
Triangle of Auscultation
Forms a Sound Window (distinct lung sounds)
Triangle of Auscultation
Boundaries of Triangle of Auscultation
Lateral Border= medial edge of scapula
Medial Border= lateral edge of trapezius
Inferior Border= superior edge of Lat. Dorsi
Floor= Rhomboideus muscles of Layer II
Lateral Border= medial edge of scapula
Medial Border= lateral edge of trapezius
Inferior Border= superior edge of Lat. Dorsi
Floor= Rhomboideus muscles of Layer II
Are Boundaries for what?
Triangle of Auscultation
3 Muscles of Layer II
- Levator Scapulae
- Rhomboideus Major
- Rhomboideus Minor
Deep Posterior Axioappendicular/ Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles…
Layer II
Elevates Shoulder Blade
Levator Scapulae
Band like muscle of the lateral neck
Levator Scapulae
Palpates directly under the Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
Originates form 4 separate tendons
Levator Scapulae
Fuses into 1 solid muscle belly
Levator Scapulae
C1-C4 Posterior TP
Levator Scapulae Origin
Superomedial corner of the scapula
Levator Scapulae Insertion
Assists the Trapezius in Elevating the Scapula
Levator Scapulae
O I: Unilateral- Lateral Flexion/ Ipsilateral Rotation
Levator Scapulae
O I: Bilateral- Extension of the Cervical Spine
Levator Scapulae
Innervated by Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) and Cervical Nerve (C3,4)
Levator Scapulae
Innervation of Levator Scapulae
Dorsal Scapular Nerve- C5
Cervical Nerve- C3,4
Innervation of Latissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal Nerve- C6-8
Innervation of Trapezius
Accessory Nerve- CN XI, {C3,4 nerve?}
Chiropractic Significance: Muscle Palpation/ Analysis
Levator Scapulae Splenius Capitus Splenius Cervicus Intermediate Column- Longissimus Multifidi Intertransversarii Rectus Capitus Posterior Major and Minor Superior Oblique Psoas Major Scalenus Medius
Small Rhomboid (4 equal sides)
Rhomboideus Minor
Thin Membranous Muscle
Rhomboideus Major and Minor
Deep to the Trapezius
Rhomboideus Major and Minor
Attached to the Deep Thoracic Aponeurosis
Rhomboideus Minor
Parallel, Inferolateral Muscle Fibers
Rhomboideus Major and Minor
C7- T1 SP/ Supraspinous Ligament
Rhomboideus Minor Origin
Superior 1/3 of Medial Scapula
Rhomboideus Minor Insertion
Assist the Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor Action
Innervation Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4,5)
Rhomboideus Major and Minor
Innervation of Rhomboideus Minor
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4,5)
Larger Rhomboid Shaped muscle
Rhomboideus Major
Arises from the Deep Thoracic Aponeurosis
Rhomboideus Major
2 Muscles Separated only by Fascia
Rhomboideus Major and Minor
T2- T5 SP/ Supraspinous Ligament
Rhomboideus Major Origin
Inferior 2/3 of the Medial Scapula
Rhomboideus Major Insertion
Retraction, Rotation of the Scapula
Rhomboideus Major Action
Innervation of the Rhomboideus Major
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C4,5)
4 Muscles of Layer 3
- Serratus Posterior Superior
- Serratus Posterior Inferior
- Splenius Capitus
- Splenius Cervicus
Shape (serrated Lateral edge)/ Postion
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior
Deep to the Rhomboids
Serratus Posterior Superior
Flat Fasciculated Muscle
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior
Splenius Cervicus
4 Parallel Inferolateral Fasciculi
Serratus Posterior Superior
A true muscle of the Thoracic Wall
Serratus Posterior Superior and Inferior
Lower Nuchal Ligament & C7- T3 SP
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin
Posterolateral Margins of R2-R4/5
UO->UI, LO->LI
Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion
Elevate Ribcages during deep respiration and Proprioception of Thoracic Wall
Serratus Posterior Superior
Innervated by 2-5 Intercostal Nerves
Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation
2-5 Intercostal Nerves
Deep to the Latissimus Dorsi
Serratus Posterior Inferior
4 Parallel, Superolateral Fasciculi
Serratus Posterior Inferior
T11- L2 SP’s
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin
Posterolateral margins of R8/9- R12
UO->UI, LO->LI
Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion
Pull ribcage down during deep expiration and Proprioception of Thoracic Wall
Serratus Posterior Inferior Aciton
Innervated by Anterior Rami of T9-T12 Spinal Nerves
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation
Anterior Rami of T9-T12 Spinal Nerves
2 Intrinsic Back muscles
- Splenius Capitus
2. Splenius Cervicus
Shape (splenius=bandage)/ attachemnt
Splenius Capitus & Cervicus
Thin Flat Superolateral Band
Splenius Capitus
Deep to the Serratus Posterior Superior and Trapezius muscles
Splenius Capitus
Lower Origins underlay the Serratus Posterior Superior
Splenius Capitus
Origins are deep to the Levator Scapulae
Splenius Capitus
Insertions are superficial to the levator origins
Splenius Capitus
Insertions are just lateral to the Trapezius origins
Splenius Capitus
Lower Nuchal Ligament & C7-T4 SP’s
Splenius Capitus Origin
Lateral Superior Nuchal Line to the Mastoid Process
Splenius Capitus Insertion
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion/ Rotation
Bilateral: Extension of the Head
Splenius Capitus Action
Innervation of the Splenius Capitus
Posterior Rami of Spinal n
Innervated by Posterior Rami of Spinal n
Splenius Capitus Splenius Cervicus Spinalis/ Medial Column Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae Longissimus/ Intermediate Column Intertransversarii
Deep to Splenius Capitus
Splenius Cervicus
T3-T6 SP
Splenius Cervicus Origin
C1-C4 Posterior TP
Splenius Cervicus Insertion
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion/ Rotation
Bilateral: Extension of the Neck
Splenius Cervicus Actions
Splenius Cervicus Innervation
Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerve
1 Extensive Postural Muscle
Layer IV
Breakdown of Layer IV
A: Lateral Column= Iliocostalis
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis/Colli
B: Intermediate Column= Longissimus
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis/ Colli
- Capitis
C: Medial Column/ Spinalis
- Thoracis
- Cervicis/ Colli
- Capitis
Erector Spinae AKA
Sacrospinalis
Main spinal erector (action)/ sacrum- spine attachments
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae
1 Extensive Multi-Fasciculated Muscle
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae
Covers Entire Posterior Trunk
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae
Divided into 3 Vertical Columns
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae
Each column divided into 3 (4?) segmental “relays”
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae
Lateral Column of Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae AKA
Iliocostalis
Most lateral Fibers (position)/ ilia to the ribs (attachments)
Iliocostalis
How many relays does the Iliocostalis have?
3
What are the relays of the Iliocostalis?
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis/ Colli
Lateral Lumbar Aponeurosis
Lumborum Relay Origin of Iliocostalis
Rib Angles of R7-R12
Lumborum Relay Insertion of Iliocostalis
Thoracis Relay Origin of Iliocostalis
Unilateral: Strong Lateral Flexion (Regionally)
Bilateral: Extension (Regionally)
Isometric: Help Maintain Erect Posture and Balance
Lumborum Relay Actions of Iliocostalis
Thoracis Relay Action of Iliocostalis
Cervicis/ Colli Relay Action of Iliocostalis
Rib Angles of R1-R6
Thoracis Relay Insertion of Iliocostalis
Rib Angles R3-R6
Cervicis/ Colli Relay Origin of Iliocostalis
C4-C6 Posterior TP
Cervicis/ Colli Relay Insertion of Iliocostalis
Trapezius is in what muscle group?
Layer I
Latissimus Dorsi is in what muscle group?
Layer I
Levator Scapulae is in what muscle group?
Layer II
Rhomboideus Minor is in what muscle group?
Layer II
Rhomboideus Major is in what muscle group?
Layer II
Intermediate fibers (position)/ longest column (size)
Intermediate Column/ Longissimus
Has 4 relays
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Lumborum Relay is indistinguishable from the Iliocostalis Lumborum Relay
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Serratus Posterior Superior is in what muscle group?
Layer III
Serratus Posterior Inferior is in what muscle group?
Layer III
L1-L5 TP/ Accessory Processes (AP)
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Thoracis Relay ORIGIN
Intermediate Column/ Longissimus is in what group?
Layer IV
T1-T12 TP, R3-R12 medially
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Thoracis Relay INSERTION
Unilateral: Weak Lateral Flexion (regionally)
Bilateral: Extension (regionally)
Isometric: Help Maintain Erect Posture and Balance
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Thoracis Relay ACTION
Cervicis Relay ACTION
Splenius Capitus is in what muscle group?
Layer III
T1-T5 TP’s
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Cervicis/ Colli Relay ORIGIN
C2-C6 Posterior TP
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Cervicis/ Colli Relay INSERTION
C4-C7 TP
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Capitis Relay ORIGIN
Posterior Mastoid Process
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Capitis Relay INSERTION
Splenius Cervicus is in what muscle group?
Layer III
Unilateral: Weak Lateral Flexion (regionally) + Ipsilateral Rotation (regionally)
Bilateral: Extension (regionally)
Isometric: Help Maintain Erect Posture and Balance
Longissimus/ Intermediate Column
Capitis Relay ACTION
Most medial fibers (Position)/ SP (attachments)
Medial Column/ Spinalis
Have 3 Relays?
Spinalis
Iliocostalis
Semi-Spinalis
4 Relays of the Longissimus?
- Lumborum
- Thoracis
- Cervicis/ Colli
- Capitis
- Thoracis
- Cervicis
- Capitis
3 Relays of Spinalis/ Medial Column
T11-L2 SP
Spinalis Thoracis Origin
T4-T8 SP
Spinalis Thoracis Insertion
Bilateral: Extension (regionally)
Isometric: Help maintain erect posture and balance
Spinalis Thoracis Action
Cervicis/ Colli Action
Sacrospinalis/ Erector Spinae is in what muscle group?
Layer IV
Iliocostalis/ Lateral Column is in what muscle group?
Layer IV
C7-T2 SP
Spinalis Cervicis/ Colli Origin
C2-C4 SP
Spinalis Cervicis/ Colli Insertion
Semi-Spinalis capitis sits below=
Spinalis Capitis Relay
Innervation of Spinalis?
Posterior Rami of Spinal Nerve
TP-> SP
TP-> TP
SP-> SP
(Attachments)
Transversopinal Muscles
SP’s (attachment)
Semi-Spinalis Muscle Name
Superficial Layer in the Laminar Gutter
Semi-Spinalis Muscle Name
Multi Fasciculated Muscle
Semi-Spinalis Muscle
T7-T12 TP’s
Semi-Spinalis Muscle Origin (Transversospinal muscles)
Spinalis is part of what group?
Layer IV
Transversospinal muscles are part of what group?
Layer V
Semi-Spinalis is part of what group?
Layer V
C6-T4 SP’s (6-8 segments above)
Thoracis Relay INSERTION of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
above origin
Unilateral: Contralateral Rotation
Bilateral: Extension (Thorax)
Thoracis Relay ACTION of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
T1-T6 TP’s
C4-C7 Post zygapophyses
Cervicis/ Colli ORIGIN of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
Capitis Relay Origin of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
C2- C5 SP’s (2-8 segments above)
Cervicis/ Colli INSERTION of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
above origin
Unilateral: Contralateral rotation
Bilateral: Extension (neck)
Cervicis/ Colli ACTION of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
Runs with Spinalis Capitis above?
Capitis of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
Superior Nuchal Plana
Capitis Relay Insertion of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion
Bilateral: Extension (head)
Capitis Relay Action of Semi-Spinalis Muscle
Many parts/ fasciculi (construction)
Multifidi Name
Intermediate layer of the Laminar Gutter
Multifidi
Extensive points of origin/ insertion
Multifidi
More oblique than the Semi Spinalis fibers
Multifidi
Articular Crests of the Sacrum
L1-L5 MP
T1-T12 TP
C4-C7 Post- Zygapophyses
Multifidi Origin
Multifidi is part of what group?
Layer V
L5-C2 SP’s (3-5 segments above)
Multifidi Insertion
above origin
Unilateral: Weak Contralateral Rotation
Bilateral: Weak Extension
Multifidi Action
Rotatores Longus and Brevis are part of what group?
Layer V
Main Spinal Rotators (Action/Size)
Rotatores Longus and Brevis Name
Deepest Layer of the Laminar Gutter
Rotatores Longus and Brevis
Directly against the vertebrae
Rotatores Longus and Brevis
Short, nearly level fasciculi
Rotatores Longus and Brevis
Brevis Fasciculi ______ to Longus
Deep
L5-C3 TP’s (inclusive)
Rotatores Longus and Brevis Origin
2nd Lamina above
Rotatores Longus Insertion
Next Lamina above/ directly above
Rotatores Brevis Insertion
Unilateral: Strong Contralateral Rotation (regionally)
Rotatores Longus and Brevis Action
Interspinalis is part of what group?
Layer V
SP’s attachment
Interspinalis Name
Short, Single Fasciculus muscles
Interspinalis
Well-Developed in the Lordotic curves
Interspinalis
S1-T12 SP’s
T3-C3 SP’s
Interspinalis Origin
SP’s directly above
Interspinalis Insertion
above origin
Bilateral: Extension (regional)
Isometric: Help form and maintain the Lordotic curves
Interspinalis Action
Intertransversarii belongs to what group?
Layer V
TP’s (attachment)
Intertransversarii Name
Short Paired Muscles
Intertransversarii Muslces
3 parts of Intertransversarii?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
Anterior/ Posterior pairs on each side
Cervical Interstansversarii
C2-C7 Anterior/ Posterior TP’s
Cervical Interstansversarii Origin
Anterior/ Posterior TP’s directly above
Cervical Interstansversarii Insertion
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion
Cervical Interstansversarii Action
Thoracic Intertransversarii Action
Lumbar Intertransversarii Action
Paired with the Levator Costorum
Thoracic Intertransversarii
Distal C7-T11 TP’s
Levator Costorum Origin
Superior Border of the Rib below
Levator Costorum Insertion
Elevate Rib & Proprioception of chest wall
Levator Costorum Action
Innervation of Levator Costorum
Posterior Rami C8-T11 n
Posterior Rami C8-T11n innervate what?
Levator Costorum
Distal T1-T12 TP’s
Thoracic Intertransversarii Origin
Distal TP’s Directly above
Thoracic Intertransversarii Insertion
Lateral/ Medial Pairs on each side
Lumbar Intertransversarii
Lateral: L1-L5 TP
Medial: L1-L5 MP
Lumbar Intertransversarii Origin
Lateral: TP directly above
Medial: AP directly above
Lumbar Intertransversarii Insertion
Sub-Occipital belongs to what group?
Layer V
Directly under the occiput (position)
Sub-Occipital Name
Important in precise control of head posture
Sub-Occipital
All muscles within this category are palpebral and of chiropractic significance
Sub-Occipital
4 single fasciculus muscles
Sub-Occipital
What are the 4 groups of Sub-Occipital?
- Rectus Capitus Posterior major
- Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor
- Superior Oblique
- Inferior Oblique
Shape (rectus=straight) attachment/size/position
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital)
Homologous to the Interspinalis Muscles below
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital)
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital)
What is the Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital) Homologous to?
Interspinalis Muscles below
Single Fasciculus cord-like muscle?
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital)
Form a 1” gap btw L/R Insertions?
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital)
Superolateral C2 SP
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital) ORIGIN
Inferior Nuchal Line (1/2” lateral to Median Nuchal Line)
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital) INSERTION
Unilateral: Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Extension of Head
Rectus Capitus Posterior Major (Sub-Occipital) ACTION
Shape/ Attachment/position/ size
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital)
Directly deep to the RCP Major
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital)
What is the Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital) Homologous to?
Interspinalis Muscle below
L/R Muscles touch medially
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital)
Hard to palpate btw the L/R RCP Majors (1” gap)
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital)
C1 Posterior Tubercle
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital) ORIGIN
Medial Inferior Nuchal Plana
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital) INSERTION
Bilateral: Extension (Head)
Rectus Capitus Posterior Minor (Sub-Occipital) ACTION
AKA Obliquus Capitus Superior
Superior Oblique
Postion/ Orientation
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior
Homologous to the Posterior Intertransversarii
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior
What is Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior Homologous to?
Posterior Intertransversarii
Hard to palpate (too deep under the occipital shelf)
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior
Very oblique (Postero-Superior)
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior
Postero-Superior C1 TP
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior ORIGIN
Inferior Nuchal Line, just lateral to the RCP Major
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior INSERTION
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion and Contralateral Rotation (if allowed)
Bilateral: Weak Extension (head)
Superior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Superior ACTION
Very Oblique (anterolaterally)
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior
Easily palpated (along C2 Lamina)
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior
Lateral Margin of the C2 SP, just below the RCP Major
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior ORIGIN
Posterior C1 TP, just below the Superior Oblique Origin
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior INSERTION
Unilateral: Ipsilateral rotation of C1/C2
Isometric: Helps maintain C1/C2 stability during head flexion
Inferior Oblique/ Obliquus Capitus Inferior ACTION
Innervated by Posterior Rami of C1 (Suboccipital nerve)
ALL Sub-Occipital Muscles
- Rectus Capitus Posterior Superior + Inferior
- Oblique Superior + Inferior
What innervates all Sub-Occipital Muscles?
Posterior Rami of C1
Area btw Superior/ Inferior Obliques/ RCP Major=
Sub-Occipital Triangle
Muscles of Sub-Occipital Triangle)?
Anterior/Pre-vertebral
Muscles anterior to the Transverse Processes (Position)
Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles Name
Cervical and Lumbar Flexors
Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
Few Thoracic (Diaphragm)
Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
What are the 4 cervical Prevertebral muscles?
- Longus Capitus- RCA Major
- Longus Cervicis/ Colli
- Rectus Capitus Anterior- RCA Minor
- Rectus Capitus Lateralis
AKA Longus Capitus
RCA Major
Longus Capitus Named for…
Shape
Attachment
Size
Position
C3-C6 Anterior TP’s
Longus Capitus Origin of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
Superior Oblique Portion of Longus Cervicis
Pharyngeal Tubercle (L/R muscles touch together)
Longus Capitus Insertion of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
Bilateral: Flexion (head)
Isometric: Resists lordosis of the cervical curve
Longus Capitus Action of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
Innervated by C1-C4 n
Longus Capitus of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
Longus Capitus of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles innervated by
C1-C4 n
Longus Cervicis/ Colli Named for…
Size
Attachments
3 Fasciculi Orientations
Longus Cervicis/ Colli of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles
What are the 3 portions of the Longus Cervicis/ Colli of Anterior/ Prevertebral Muscles?
- Superior Oblique Portion
- Vertical Portion
- Inferior Oblique Portion
Name: Orientation of the Fibers
Superior Oblique Portion
Vertical Portion
Inferior Oblique Portion
C1 Anterior Tubercle
Superior Oblique Portion INSERTION of Longus Cervicis/ Colli
Unilateral: Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Flexion (neck)
Isometric: Resist Lordosis of cervical curve
Superior Oblique Portion ACTION of Longus Cervicis/ Colli
C5-T3 Lateral Bodies
Vertical Portion of Longus Cervicis ORIGIN
C2-C4 Lateral Bodies
Vertical Portion of Longus Cervicis INSERTION
Bilateral: Flexion (neck)
Isometric: Resist Lordosis of the Cervical Curve
Vertical Portion of Longus Cervicis ACTION
T1-T3 lateral Bodies
Inferior Oblique Portion of Longus Cervicis ORIGIN
C5-C6 Anterior TP’s
Inferior Oblique Portion of Longus Cervicis INSERTION
Unilateral: Contralateral Rotation
Bilateral: Flexion (neck)
Isometric: Resist Lordosis of the Cervical Curve
Inferior Oblique Portion of Longus Cervicis ACTION
AKA Rectus Capitus Anterior
RCA Minor
Named for Shape/ attachment/ size/ position
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anterior
Deep to Longus Capitus
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anterior
C1 Lateral mass and Anterior TP
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anterior ORIGIN
Basion, just anterior to FM
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anterior INSERTION
Bilateral: Flexion (head)
Isometric: Resist lordosis of cervical spine
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anterior ACTION
Innervated by C1-C2 n
RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anteiror
Rectus Capitus Lateralis
What innervates RCA Minor/ Rectus Capitus Anteiror?
C1-C2 n
Named for shape/ attachment/ position
Rectus Capitus Lateralis
Homologous to Anterior Intertransversarii
Rectus Capitus Lateralis
What is Rectus Capitus Lateralis Homologous to?
Anterior Intertransversarii
Pre-Vertebral Innervation (ventral ramus of the C1 Spinal nerve)
Rectus Capitus Lateralis
C1 Anterior Transverse process (superior margin)
Rectus Capitus Lateralis ORIGIN
Jugular process directly above
Rectus Capitus Lateralis INSERTION
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion (head)
Rectus Capitus Lateralis ACTION
What innervates Rectus Capitus Lateralis?
C1-C2 n
How many lumbar pre-vertebral muscles are there?
3
What are the lumbar pre-vertebral muscles?
- Psoas Major
- Psoas Minor
- Quadratus Lumborum
Position (psoas=loin)/ size
Psoas Major
Psoas Minor
Long Fusiform Muscle
Psoas Major
Located on Posterior abdominal wall
Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum
Very oblique course through the pelvis
Psoas Major
Anterolateral from origins to the pelvic brim
Psoas Major
Oblique Course
Posterolateral to the internal femur
Psoas Major
Oblique Course
L1-L5 Lateral bodies and anterior TP
Psoas Major ORIGIN
Lesser trochanter of the femur
Psoas Major INSERTION
Unilateral: flexion (thigh)
OI: Unilateral- lateral flexion (trunk), Bilateral- flexion (trunk), Isometric- help form and maintain the lumbar curve
Psoas Major ACTION
Innervation L1-L3 n
Psoas Major
What innervates the Psoas Major?
L1-L3 n
Variable, absent in 40% of cadavers
Psoas Minor
T12-L1 Lateral bodies
Psoas Minor ORIGIN
Pubic Ramus, just lateral to the Psoas Major
Psoas Minor INSERTION
Assist the Psoas Major
Psoas Minor ACTION
Innervated by L1
Psoas Minor
What innervates L1?
Psoas Minor
Named for shape (quadratus=4 sides)/ attachments
Quadratus Lumborum
Broad, flat, rectangular muscle
Quadratus Lumborum
Iliac Crest
Iliolumbar Ligament
Quadratus Lumborum ORIGIN
L1-L4 TP and Inferior margin R12
Quadratus Lumborum INSERTION
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion
Bilateral: Flexion (lumbars)
Isometric: Stabilize R12 during inspiration and expiration
Quadratus Lumborum ACTION
Innervated by Subcostal, L1-L3 n
Quadratus Lumborum
What innervates Quadratus Lumborum?
Subcostal
L1-L3 n
Named for Postion
Lateral Vertebral Muscles
Respiratory and coronal stabilization muscles
Lateral Vertebral Muscles
What are the Lateral Vertebral Muscles made of?
3 Cervico-thoracic muscles
What are the 3 cervico-thoracic muscles?
- Scalenus Anterior
- Scalenus Medius
- Scalenus Posterior
Named for shape (scalene triangle=3 unequal sides)/ position
Scalenus Anterior
Impalpable under the SCM
Scalenus Anterior
Passes under the clavicle
Scalenus Anterior
Scalenus Medius
C3-C6 Anterior TP
Scalenus Anterior ORIGIN
Superior Margin of R1 just lateral to the costo-chondral junction on scalene tubercle
Scalenus Anterior INSERTION
Bilateral: elevate ribcage during deep inspiration
OI: Unilateral- lateral flexion/ contralateral rotation, bilateral- flexion (neck), Isometric- coronal stabilization of neck and head
Scalenus Anterior ACTION
Innervated by C5-C8 n?
Scalenus Anterior
Scalenus Medius
What innervates Scalenus Anterior?
C5-C8 n
Scalenus medius Named for…
Shape
Position
Palpable btw the SCM and Levator Scapulae
Scalenus Medius
Longest/ Largeset Scalene muscle
Scalenus Medius
Inserts just lateral to Scalenus Anterior
Scalenus Medius
C2-C7 posterior TP’s
Scalenus Medius ORIGIN
Superior Surface of R1
Scalenus Medius INSERTION
Bilateral: Elevate ribcage during deep inspiration
OI: Unilateral- lateral flexion/ weak contralateral rotation, Bilateral- weak flexion (neck), Isometric- Coronal stabilization of the neck and head
Scalenus Medius ACTION
Innervates Scalenus Medius?
C5-C8n
Scalenus Posterior Named for…
Shape
Position
Smallest/ Deepest Scalene Muscle
Scalenus Posterior
Impalpable under the levator scapulae and the trapezius
Scalenus Posterior
Passes under the clavicle and over R1
Scalenus Posterior
C5-C7 Posterior TP
Scalenus Posterior ORIGIN
Lateral Surface of R2
Scalenus Posterior INSERTION
Bilateral: Elevate ribcage during deep inspiration
O I: Unilateral- lateral flexion (lower neck), Isometric- Coronal Stabilization of the neck/ neck
Scalenus Posterior ACTION
Innervated by C6-C8
Scalenus Posterior
Innervates Scalenus Posterior?
C6-C8 n
