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Quarter 2 > Abnormal Psychology Final > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology Final Flashcards

1
Q

7 Disorders characterized under Somatoform Disorders

A
  1. Somatization Disorder
  2. Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder
  3. Conversion Disorder
  4. Pain Disorder
  5. Hypochondriasis
  6. Body Dysmorphic Disorder
  7. Somatoform Disorder not otherwise specified
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2
Q

What is… presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition and are not fully explained

A

Somatoform Disorder

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3
Q

Hysteria
Briquets Syndrome
Characterized by 4 symptoms

A

Somatization Disorder

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4
Q

4 symptoms of Somatization Disorder

A
  1. Pain
  2. GI
  3. Sexual
  4. Pseudo Neurological
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5
Q

Characterized by unexplained physical complaints lasting at least 6 months

A

Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder

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6
Q

Affects voluntary motor or sensory function that suggest a neurological or other general medical condition. Psychological factors are judged to be associated with the symptoms or deficits

A

Conversion Disorder

All psychological, ex: cannot speak

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7
Q

Characterized by pain

Psychological factors are also judged to have important role in onset

A

Pain Disorder

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8
Q

Preoccupation with the fear of having, or the idea that one has a serious disease based on misinterpretation of bodily symptoms or functions

A

Hypochondriasis

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9
Q

Preoccupation with imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance

A

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

AKA BDD

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10
Q

4 Subtypes of Conversion Disorder

A
  1. With motor symptom or deficit
  2. With sensory symptom or deficit
  3. With seizures or convulsions
  4. With mixed presentations
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11
Q

Subtype includes: impaired coordination or balance, paralysis, localized weakness, aphonia, urinary retention, difficulty swallowing

A

Conversion Disorder with Motor Symptom or Deficit

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12
Q

Subtype includes: loss of touch or pain sensation, double vision, blindness, deafness and hallucinations

A

Conversion Disorder with Sensory Symptom

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13
Q

Subtype includes: Seizures or convulsions with voluntary motor or sensory components

A

Conversion Disorder with Seizures or Convulsions

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14
Q

Subtype used if symptoms of more than one category are evident

A

Conversion Disorder with mixed presentations

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15
Q

What is the relative lack of concern about the nature or implications of the symptom?

A

La Bella Indifference* NBCE
(it doesn’t both pt that they are causing their seizures or are paralyzed)
CONVERSION DISORDER

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16
Q

Patients with _____ ______ of ______ ______ (umbrella/header term) sometimes forget where the pain was?

A

Pain Disorder

Somatoform Disorder

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17
Q

Very Common
Actually Show Symptoms
Fear of having a serious disease

A

Hypochondriasis

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18
Q

5+ symptoms present during same 2 week period. Must include Depressed mood or loss of interest in pleasurable activities

A

Criteria for Major Depressive Episodes

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19
Q

3 Associated descriptive features and mental disorders for what?

  1. Panic Attacks
  2. Suicide
  3. Increase in Premature death
A

Major Depressive Episode

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20
Q

What are the 3 Associated descriptive features and mental disorders for Major Depressive Episode?

A
  1. Panic Attacks
  2. Suicide
  3. Increase in Premature death
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21
Q

EEG Abnormalities
Deregulation of Neurotransmitters
Hormone Disturbances

A

Major Depressive Episode Associate Lab Findings

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22
Q

Elevated, expansive or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week

A

Manic Episode

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23
Q 
Symptom of Grandiosity 
Increased/ Excessive involvement in Pleasurable Activities
Pressure of speech
Flight of ideas
Decreased need for sleep
A

Manic Episode

Hypomanic Episode

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24
Q

Mixed Episodes must last how long?

A

At least 1 week

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25
Q

What must be met to have a mixed episode?

A

Criteria for BOTH
Major Depressive Episode
Manic Episode

Nearly everyday

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26
Q

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least 4 days

A

Hypomanic Episode

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27
Q

Psychomotor Retardation
Diminished ability to think/ concentrate
Significant weight loss
Insomnia or hypersomnia

A

Major Depressive Episode

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28
Q

Increased cortisol secretions

Abnormalities in Neurotransmitters (ie. norepinephrine)

A

Manic Episode Associated Lab Findings

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29
Q

Characterized by 1 or more Major Depressive Episode without a history of Manic, Mixed or Hypomanic

A

Major Depressive Disorder

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30
Q

4 Main Treatments of Major Depressive Disorder

A
  1. Antidepressants- TCA’s (tricyclics antidepressants)
  2. SSRI’s (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
  3. MAOI’s (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
  4. NRI’s/ SNRI’s (norepinephrine and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)
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31
Q

4 Non-Drug related Treatments of Major Depressive Disorder

A
  1. St. John’s Wort
  2. ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy)
  3. TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)
  4. Exercise
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32
Q

Depressed mood for most of the day for at least 2 years

A

Dysthymic Disorder

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33
Q

Associated Features are similar to Major Depressive Disorder

A

Dysthymic Disorder

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34
Q

Lab findings of Dysthymic Disorder show….

A

Sleep abnormalities/ Disorders

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35
Q

Occurence of a major depressive episode accompanied by one or more Manic Episodes or Mixed Episodes

A

Bipolar I Disorder

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36
Q

3 categories of Bipolar Disorder

A

Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymic

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37
Q 
Completed suicide
Child Abuse
Spousal Abuse
School/ Occupational Failure
Associated with alcohol
A

Bipolar I

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38
Q

Associated mental disorders include: Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, ADHD, Panic Disorder and Social Phobia

A

Bipolar I

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39
Q

Imaging studies show increased rates of right-hemispheric lesions, or bilateral sub cortical or periventricular lesions
Brain Lesions

A

Bipolar I Associated Lab Findings

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40
Q 
Differential Diagnosis of...
Major Depressive
Manic
Mixed
Hypomaic

Must be distinguished from episodes of a mood disorder due to a general medical condition

A

Bipolar I

Bipolar II

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41
Q

Occurence of one or more Major Depressive Episodes accompanied by at least one Hypomanic Episode

A

Bipolar II

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42
Q

Completed suicide
School/occupational failure
Borderline Personality Disorder (Common)
Substance abuse/dependence

A

Bipolar II

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43
Q

60-70% of the Hypomanic Episodes in _______ __ Disorder occur immediately before or after a Major Depressive Episode

A

Bipolar II

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44
Q

Distinguished by the presence of one or more Manic or Mixed Episodes in the latter

A

Bipolar I distinguished from Bipolar II

Page 41 top

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45
Q

Chronic, Fluctuating mood disturbance

A

Cyclothymic Disorder of Bipolar Disorder

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46
Q

Short term treatment of Bipolar Disorders (3)

A
  1. Rapidly acting Antimanic and sedating doses of benzodiazepine
  2. Lithium
  3. ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)
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47
Q

Long term treatment of Bipolar Disorders (4)

A
  1. Litium salts- major reduction in risk of suicide by 80%
  2. Anticonvulsants- FDA approved as only mood-stabilizing agent not indictated for acute mania
  3. Antipsychotics- FDA approved 4 in this category
  4. Antidepressants- potentially lethal
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48
Q

Include: Carbamazepine, Valproic Acid Salts, Oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine

A

Anticonvulsants= treatment of Bipolar Disorder

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49
Q

Include: Chlorpromazine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine and Risperidone

A

Antipsychotics= treatment of Bipolar Disorder

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50
Q

2 Non-Pharmaceutical treatments of Bipolar Disorder

A
  1. Biological rhythms and hygiene measures: attention to sleep hygiene and maintaining regular daily rhythms of activity, meals, rest and avoiding alcohol/stimulants
  2. Psychosocial interventions: interpersonal psychotheraphy has increasing positive results
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51
Q

Interpersonal psychotheraphy has increasing positive results

A

Psychosocial interventions of Non-Pharm. treatments of Bipolar Disorder

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52
Q

Attention given to sleep hygiene and maintaining regular daily rhythms of activity, meals, rest as well as avoiding alcohol and substances

A

Biological Rhythms and Hygiene Measures of Non Pharm. treatment of Bipolar Disorder

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53
Q

Caused by Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors

A

Schizophrenia

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54
Q

Factors vary from insults during early brain development as well as social stressors

A

Schizophrenia Non-Genetic Factors

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55
Q

4 Major Categories of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Delusions
  2. Hallucinations
  3. Disorganized speech- derailment or incoherence
  4. Grossly disorganized or Catatonic Behavior
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56
Q

2 or more of the symptoms are present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period

A

Schizophrenia

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57
Q

Inappropriate affect (smiling, laughing in absense of appropriate stimulus)
Depersonalization
Derealization
Anxiety and Phobia
Increased incidence of assultive and violent behavior
Nicotene dependence

A

Schizophrenia Associated Descriptive Features and Mental Disorders

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58
Q

City boy’s disease

A

Schizophrenia

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59
Q

Shows enlargement of the lateral ventricles, decreased brain tissue, decreased volumes of gray and white matter

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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60
Q

Temporal lobe is decreased in volume while frontal lobe is least implicated

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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61
Q

Focal abnormalities within temporal lobe

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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62
Q

Decreased thalamic volume and increased basal ganglia size

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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63
Q

Neuropsychological deficits- memory, psychomotor, attention and changing response set

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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64
Q

Neurophysiological abnormalities- difficulty in perception and processing of sensory stimuli= slow reaction time

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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65
Q

Water Intoxication- too much water intake resulting in abnormalities in urine specific gravity or electrolyte imbalances

A

Schizophrenia Assocaited Lab Findings

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66
Q

Presence of Neurological “soft signs”- left and right confusion, poor coordination or mirroring

A

Schizophrenia Associated Physical Examination findings and general medical conditions

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67
Q

Most common physical findings are motor abnormalities

A

Schizophrenia Associated Physical Examination findings and general medical conditions

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68
Q

Nicotine Dependence is common

A

Schizophrenia Associated Physical Examination findings and general medical conditions

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69
Q

Onset btw late teens and mid 30’s
18-25 men
25-mid 30’s women

A

Schizophrenia

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70
Q

Women have better prognosis, express more affective symptomology, paranoid delusions and hallucinations whereas men tend to express more negative symptoms (withdrawl)

A

Schizophrenia

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71
Q

Higher rates and risks are seen in urban born individuals compared to rural born individuals

A

Schizophrenia

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72
Q

Higher rates of having it in family members of women with it than those for men

A

Schizophrenia

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73
Q

Psychotic Disorder due to a general medical condition, or delerium or dementia- there has to be a history, physical exam, or lab findings

A

Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis

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74
Q

Substance induced psychotic disorder, substance induced delirium and substance induced persisting dementia- must be substance of cause

A

Schizophrenia Differential diagnosis

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75
Q

Mood Disorder with Psychotic features and schizoaffective disorder define…

A

Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis

Must be a mood episode that is concurrent with the active-phase symptoms over a period of time

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76
Q

Must have a Major Depressive Episode, Manic Episode (Mood Episode)

A

Schizoaffective

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77
Q

Symptoms are the same as Schizophrenia but they last a month not 6 months and need not have social/occupational impairment

A

Schizophreniform Disorder

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78
Q

4 Subtypes of Schizophrenia

A
  1. Paranoid
  2. Disorganized
  3. Catatonic
  4. Residual
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79
Q

Characterized by presence of prominent delusions or auditory hallucinations

A

Paranoid Type Schizophrenic

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80
Q

Characterized by disorganized speech, behavior and flat or inappropriate affect- silliness/laughter unrealted to content

A

Disorganized Type Schizophrenic

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81
Q

Characterized by a marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve motor immobility or excessive motor activity, echolalia (repeating words spoke by someone else) or echopraxia (repeating movement of someone else)

A

Catatonic Type Schizophrenic

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82
Q

Has had at least one episode of Schizophrenia but the current clinical picture is without prominent positive psychoic symptoms (ie hallucinations, delusions and disorganization of speech)

A

Residual Type Schizophrenic

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83
Q

Treatment of Schizophrenia? (2)

A
  1. Antipsychotic drugs

2. Psychotropic medication

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84
Q

Clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone an daripiprazole

A

Antipsychotic drugs used to treat schizophrenia

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85
Q

Include mood stabilizers such as valproic acid and lithium, tranquilizers such as benzodiazepines, and novel approaches, such as glycine

A

Psychotropic medication for treatment of schizophrenia

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86
Q

2 types of eating disorders

A
  1. Anorexia Nervosa

2. Bulimia Nervosa

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87
Q

Individual refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight

A

Anorexia nervosa

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88
Q

Has depressive symptoms and Obsessive compulsion features

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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89
Q

Concerns about eating in public, control issues and perfectionism

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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90
Q

Semi-Starvation affects most major organ systems

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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91
Q

Hematology: mild anemia, dehydration reflected by elevated blood urea nitrogen

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab Finding

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92
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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93
Q

Elevated liver function tests

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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94
Q

Hypomagnesaemia, hypozincemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperamylasemia

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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95
Q

Induced vomiting may lead to metabolic alkalosis and laxative abuse may lead to metabolic acidosis

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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96
Q

Decreased levels of T3 + T4

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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97
Q

Females have low estrogen

Males have low serum testosterone

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

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98
Q

Electrocardiography: sinus bradycardia and sometimes, arrhythmias are observed

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

99
Q

Electroencephalography: metabolic encephalopathy seen due to fluid and electrolyte imbalances

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

100
Q

Brain Imaging: increase in ventricular-brain ratio secondary to starvation are seen

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

101
Q

Resting energy expenditure is often reduced

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

102
Q

Amenorrhea
Constipation, Abdominal pain, cold intolerance, lethargy and excess energy
Emaciation
Hypotension, hypothermia, dryness of skin, peripheral edema
Hypertrophy of salivary glands (esp. parotid)

A

Anorexia nervosa Lab finding

103
Q

More common in industrialized societies

A

Anorexia nervosa Course and prevalence

Bulimia Nervosa

104
Q

More than 90% of cases are found in females

A

Anorexia nervosa Course and prevalence

Bulimia Nervosa

105
Q

Onset is 14-18 years and rare after 40

A

Anorexia nervosa Course and prevalence

106
Q

Onset is associated with stressful living

A

Anorexia nervosa Course and prevalence

107
Q

Death usually occurs from starvation, suicide or electrolyte imbalance

A

Anorexia nervosa Course and prevalence

108
Q

Occult Malignancies
Brain Tumors
GI disease
AIDS

A

Anorexia nervosa Differential Diagnosis

109
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

A

Anorexia nervosa Differential Diagnosis

110
Q

Recurrent episodes of binge eating

A

Bulimia Nervosa

111
Q

Self evaluation unduly influenced by body shape and weight

A

Bulimia Nervosa

112
Q

2 subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa

A
  1. Purging type

2. Non-purging type

113
Q

Individual engages in self induced vomiting or misuses laxatives, diuretics or enemas

A

Purging Type Bulimia Nervosa

114
Q

Uses other inappropraite compensatory behaviors, such as fasting or excessive exercise, but has not regularly engaged in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics or enemas

A

Non-Purging Type Bulimia Nervosa

115
Q

Individuals are within normal weight range

A

Bulimia Nervosa

116
Q

Is uncommon among moderate to morbidly obese peope

A

Bulimia Nervosa

117
Q

Increased depressive symptoms as well as anxiety issues which remit after effective treatments

A

Bulimia Nervosa

118
Q

Lifetime prevalence of substance abuse or dependence

A

Bulimia Nervosa

119
Q

Hypokalemia, Hypoatremia and Hypochloremia from fluid imbalance

A

Bulimia Nervosa Lab Findings

result of purging

120
Q

Metabolic acidosis from loss of stomach acid

A

Bulimia Nervosa Lab Findings

thru vomiting or induction of diarrhea through laxative abuse

121
Q

Teeth appear “moth eaten”

A

Bulimia Nervosa

122
Q

Increased dental cavaties
Enlarged salivary glands
Serious cardiac and skeletal myopathies

A

Bulimia Nervosa

123
Q

Esophageal tear, gastric rupture, cardiac arrhythmias
Rectal prolapse
Menstral irregularities or amenorrhea

A

Bulimia Nervosa

124
Q

Onset is late adolescence or early adulthood

A

Bulimia Nervosa

Binge episodes occur after periods of fasting

125
Q

Only occurs when binge eating and purging is involving anorexia nervosa pts (it can be hard to differentiate)

A

Anorexia Nervosa, Binge-Eating/Purging Type Differential Diagnosis Bulimia Nervosa

126
Q

Usually a neurological syndrome involving disturbed eating behavior but characteristic trends of Bulimia Nervosa such as over concern with body shape and weight are absent

A

Kleine-Levin Syndrome Differential Diagnosis Bulimia Nervosa

127
Q

Over eating is common but there are no compensatory behaviors or over concerns with body shape and weight

A

Major Depressive Disorder, with atypical features Differential Diagnosis Bulimia Nervosa

128
Q

Essential feature is a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms

A

Substance related disorder

129
Q

Cluster of 3 or more symptoms of substance abuse occurring in the same 12-month period

A

Dependence of Substance related disorder

130
Q

Need for greatly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance

A

Tolerance of Substance related disorder

131
Q

Maladaptive behavioral change, with physiological and cognitive concomitants, that occurs when blood or tissue concentrations of a substance decline in an individual who had maintained prolonged heavy use of the substance

A

Withdrawl of substance related disorder

132
Q

3 requirements for substance abuse?

A

Dependence
Tolerance
Withdrawal

133
Q

Criteria for substance dependence

A

Tolerance
Withdrawl
Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use
Substance is continued despite knowledge
Substance taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended

134
Q

Maladaptive pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of substances

A

Substance Abuse

135
Q

Individual repeatedly demonstrates intoxication or other substance-related symptoms when expected to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home

A

Substance Abuse

136
Q

Development of a reversible substance-specific syndrome due to the recent ingestion of a substance

A

Substance Intoxication

137
Q

Common changes include disturbance of perception, wakefulness, attention, thinking, judgement, psychomotor behavior and interpersonal behavior.

A

Substance Intoxication

138
Q

Maladaptive behavioral change, with physiological and cognitive concomitants, that occurs when blood pressure or tissue concentrations of a substance decline

A

Substance withdrawal

139
Q

Blood and urine analysis help to determine recent use of substance
Blood concentration reveals amount of product still in body, withdrawal patterns and tolerance level

A

Substance abuse lab findings

140
Q

Presence of clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes usually accompanied by evidence of slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impairment in attention or memory, or stupor or coma

A

Alcohol Intoxication

141
Q

Most frequently used brain depressant and cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in most cultures

A

Alcohol

142
Q

Presence of a characteristic withdrawal syndrome that develops after the cessation of heavy and prolonged alcohol use

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

143
Q

Includes: autonomic hyperactivity, increased hand tremor, insomnia, psychomotor agitation, anxiety, nausea/ vomiting, grand mal seizures, tactile or auditory hallucinations

A

Alcohol Withdrawal

144
Q

Class includes all substances with a substituted-phenylethylamine structure, such as amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine (speed)

A

Amphetamine

145
Q

Also incudes: methylphenidate or agents used as appetite suppressants (diet pill), snorting pills, ice, crack

A

Amphetamine

146
Q

May be obtained by prescription

A

Amphetamines

147
Q

Treatment of obesity, ADHD and Narcolepsy

A

Amphetamines

148
Q

Begins with a “high” feeling, followed by symptoms such as euphoria with enhanced vigor, hyperactivity, restlessness, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, talkativeness, anxiety, tension, and impaired judgement

A

Amphetamine Intoxication

149
Q

Behavioral and phycological changes are accompanied by tachycardia or bradycardia, papillary dilation, elevated or lowered BP, perspiration or chills, nausea or vomiting, weight loss, psychomotor agitation or retardation, muscle weakness, respiratory depressive, chest pain, confusion, seizures, coma, etc

A

Amphetamine (Intoxication)

150
Q

6 sources for caffeine

A
  1. Tea
  2. Coffee
  3. Caffeinated soda
  4. OTC analgesics +Cold remedies
  5. Weight loss aids
  6. Antidrowsiness pills
151
Q

Symptoms include: restlessness, nervousness, excitement, insomnia, flushed face, diuresis, gastrointestinal disturbance, muscles twiching, rambling flow of thought and speech, tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia, psychomotor agitation

A

Caffeine Intoxication

152
Q

Substances derived from the Cannabis plant and chemically similar synthetic compounds

A

Cannabis related disorders

153
Q

Upper leaves, tops, and stems of the plant are cut, dried, and rolled into cigarettes, the product is called…

A

marijuana

bhang

154
Q

… is the dried resinous exudate that seeps from the tops and undersides of cannabis leaves

A

hashish

155
Q

Concentrated distillate of hashish

A

Hashish oil

156
Q

Primary cannabis responsible for the psychoactive effects

A

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
THC
Delta-9-THC

157
Q

Used for certain general medicaitons (nausea and vomiting caused by chemo., anorexia, and weight loss in AIDS pts)

A

Synthetic Delta-9-THC

158
Q

Develops within minutes. Symptoms include: maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes such as impaired motor coordination, euphoria, anxiety, sensation of slowed time, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, conjunctival injection, increased appetite, dry mouth and tachycardia

A

Cannabis intoxication

159
Q

Contains larger amounts of known carcinogens than tobacco

A

Marijuana smoke

160
Q

Most commonly used illicit substance

A

Cannabis

161
Q

“gateway drug”

Users later go on to develop dependence on other substances

A

Cannabis

162
Q

Actions on CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors that are found throughout the CNS. Endogenous ligands for these regeptors, anandamide and N-palmitoethanolamide, behave essentially like neurotransmitters

A

Cannabis

163
Q

Urine tests show metabolites since they are fat soluble, they persist in body fluids

A

Cannabis Lab findings

164
Q

7-10 days for casual users

2-4 weeks for heavy users

A

Cannabis Lab findings

165
Q

Suppressed immunological function

Suppressed secretion of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

Cannabis Lab findings

166
Q

Naturally occurring substance produced by the cocoa plant

A

Cocaine

167
Q

Consumed in several preparations- leaves, paste, hydrochloride and alkaloids such as free base and crack that differ in potency due to varying levels of purity and speed of onset

A

Cocaine

168
Q

Commonly used term for cocaine in US

A

Crack

169
Q

Extracted from its powdered hydrochloride salt by mixing it with sodium bicarbonate and allowing it to dry into small rocks

A

Crack

170
Q

Differs from other forms of cocaine in that it is easily vaporized and inhaled thus effects have an extremely rapid onset

A

Crack

171
Q

Begins with a “high” feeling and includes: euphoria with enhanced vigor, hyperactivity, restlessness, hypervigilance, interpersonal sensitivity, talkativeness, anxiety, tension, altertness, grandiosity, stereotyped and repetitive behavior, anger and impaired judgement

A

Cocaine Intoxication

172
Q

Symptoms are accompanied by: tachycardia/bradycardia, papillary dilation, elevated or lowered blood pressure, perspiration or chills, muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, seizures or coma

A

Cocaine Symptoms

173
Q

Short acting drug that produces rapid and powerful effects on the CNS, especially when taken intravenously or smoked.

A

Cocaine

174
Q

Erratic criminal behavior, social isolation, sexual dysfunction are seen in long term dependence

A

Cocaine

175
Q

Associate with rambling of speech, headache, tinnitus, auditory and tactile hallucinations, aggressive behavior, mood changes such as depression, suicidal ideation, irritability and attention disturbances

A

Cocaine

176
Q

Tactile hallucinations of Cocaine AKA

A

Coke Bugs

177
Q

Remains in urine for 1-3 days after a single dose

A

Cocaine Lab findings

178
Q

May be present in urine for 7-12 days in those using repeatedly

A

Cocaine Lab findings

179
Q

Mild elevation of liver function tests

A

Cocaine Lab findings

180
Q

Hepatitis, STD (HIV), and TB may be associated with this

A

Cocaine Lab findings

181
Q

Diverse group of substances includes Ergot and related compounds (lysergic acid diethylamide-LSD, morning seeds), phenylalkylamines (STP, Ecstasy)

A

Hallucinogen Dependence

182
Q

Induced by inhaling the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons found in substances such as gasoline, glue, paint thinners and spray paints

A

Inhalant Related Disorders

183
Q

Active ingredients include Toluene, benzene, acetone, tetrachloroethylene and methanol

A

Inhalant related disorders

184
Q

Typically, a rag is soaked with the substance and applied to mouth and nose as the vapors are breathed in (Huffing)

A

Inhalant related disorders

185
Q

Symptoms include: confusion, assaultiveness, apathy, impaired judgement, dizziness, visual disturbances, blurred vision, nystagmus, incoordination, slurred speech, unsteady gait, tremor, euphoria, and psychomotor retardation

A

Inhalant Related Disorders

186
Q

Dependence and withdrawal resulting from all forms of tobacco

A

Nicotine Related disorders

187
Q

55-90% of the population with mental illnesses has this disorder…

A

Nicotine Related disorders

188
Q

Bronchitis or chronic obstructive lung disease are the result of

A

Nicotine Related disorders

189
Q

Dry or productive cough, decreased heart rate, increased appetite or weight gain

A

Nicotine Related disorders Lab Findings

190
Q

Most common signs of dependence include: odor, cough, evidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and excessive skin wrinkling

A

Nicotine Related disorders Lab Findings

191
Q

Increases risk of lung, oral and other forms of cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions due to the presence of carcinogens and carbon monoxide

A

Nicotine Related disorders Lab findings

192
Q

Include Natural, Synthetic and Semisynthetic

A

Opioids

193
Q

Morphine

A

Natural Opioids

194
Q

Heroin

A

Semisynthetic Opioids

195
Q

Morphine like action include: Codeine, hydroorphone, methadone, oxycodone, meperidine, fentanyl

A

Synthetic Opioids

196
Q

Prescribed as analgesics, anesthetics, antidiarrheal agents or cough suppressants

A

Opioids

197
Q

Most commonly misused drug in the opioid class

A

Heroin

198
Q

Commonly associated with a history of drug related crimes, such as distribution of drugs, forgery, burglary or robbery

A

Opioid dependence

199
Q

Lack of secretions, causing dry mouth and nose, slowing of GI activity and constipation are common

A

Opioid Lab Findings

200
Q

Impaired visual activity as a result of papillary constriction, presence of sclerosed veins in those who use it intravenously

A

Opioid Lab findings

201
Q

Include Phencyclidine (PCP, Sernylan) and less potent Ketamine (Ketalar, Ketaject), cyclohexamine and dizocilpine

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder

202
Q

First developed as dissociative anesthetics in 50’s and became street drugs in the 60’s

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder

203
Q

Most commonly abused drug in the Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder group

A

Phencyclidine

204
Q

Sold illicitly under names such as PCP, Hog, Tranq, Angel Dust and Peace Pill

A

Phencyclidine

205
Q

Cause Schizophrenia and cause Vertigo, ataxia, nystagmus, hypertension, nausea, slow reaction time, slurred speech and abnormal involuntary movements

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder

206
Q

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and serum glutamic-oxalo-acetic transaminase (SGOT) are often elevated, reflecting muscle damage

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder lab findings

207
Q

Extensive cardiovascular and neurological toxicity- seizures, dystonias, dyskinesia, hypothermia, hyperthermia

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder lab findings

208
Q

Almost half of individuals with this intoxication present with nystagmus or elevated BP, these physical signs can be useful in identifying this kind of user

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder lab findings

Phencyclidine user

209
Q

Also present with apnea, brochospasm, bronchorrhea, hyper salivation, aspiration during coma and Rhabdomyolysis with renal impairment is seen in cases seeking emergency care

A

Phencyclidine (Phencyclidine-Like) Related disorder Lab Findings

210
Q

Group includes: Benzodiazepines, Carbamates, Barbiturates, Barbiturate like hypnotics and Benzodiazepine like drugs

A

Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Related Disorders

211
Q

Glutethimide and meprobamate are examples of

A

Carbamates

212
Q

Zolpidem and Zaleplon are examples of

A

Benzodiazepine like drugs

213
Q

Secobarbital example of

A

Barbiturates

214
Q

Glutethimide and Methaqualone are examples of

A

Barbiturate like hypnotics

215
Q

Like alcohol these substances are brain depressants

A

Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Related Disorders

216
Q

Associated with dependence on, or abuse of other substances

A

Sedative, Hypnotic or Anxiolytic Related Disorders

217
Q

Diagnosis is reserved for individuals who use at least three groups of substances repeatedly in the same 12 month period but not caffeine and nicotine

A

Polysubstance Dependence

218
Q

The primary diagnostic tool available to the psychiatrist is the ….

A

Clinical Interview

219
Q

The interview used to gather information and to understand how the person feels is part of the…. which helps you offer correct and….

A

Diagnostic Evaluation

Effective Treatment

220
Q

18 Parts of the Interview

A
  1. Place
  2. Meeting the Patient
  3. Take notes of the Interview
  4. Focus on Time
  5. Define the goals of the Interview
  6. Help you patient tell you what is wrong
  7. Begin with general questions
  8. Provide structure
  9. Invite the patient to talk
  10. Avoid leading questions
  11. Elaborate
  12. Echoing the tone
  13. Summarize what the patient has said
  14. Avoid Why Questions
  15. Address what is going on in the room
  16. Set limits on inappropriate behavior
  17. Monitor your reactions to the patient
  18. Closing the interview
221
Q

2 major forms of treatment in modern psychiatry are….

A

1 Psychotherapies

2. Somatic Therapies

222
Q

Include those means by which a therapist attempts to provide new interpersonal experience for anther human being

A

Psychotherapies

223
Q

Psychotherapy has 2 major models

A
  1. Psychodynamic Therapy

2. Behavior Therapy

224
Q

Focuses on Childhood Experiences

A

Psychotherapies

225
Q

Conflicts and deficits are key concepts in the psychodynamic model

A

Psychotherapies

226
Q

Refer to the opposition between seemingly irreconcilable forces

A

Conflicts

227
Q

Make one incapable of certain activities most people take for granted

A

Deficits

228
Q

Behavior Therapy focuses on observable actions rather than inferred mental states and aims to eliminate maladaptive behaviors using techniques that are based largely on learning theory

A

Psychotherapies

229
Q

6 Models of Behavior Therapy

A
  1. Systematic Desensitization
  2. Flooding
  3. Positive Reinforcement
  4. Negative Reinforcement
  5. Extinction
  6. Aversive Conditioning
230
Q

This is mastering anxiety-provoking situations by approaching them gradually and in a relaxed state that inhibits anxiety

A

Systematic Desensitizaiton

231
Q

Confronting the fearing stimulus for prolonged periods until it is no longer frightening

A

Flooding

232
Q

Strengthening positive behavior and causing it to occur more frequently by rewarding

A

Positive Reinforcement

233
Q

Making behavior occur more frequently by removing a noxious stimulus when the desired behavior occurs

A

Negative Reinforcement

234
Q

Decreasing behavior by not responding to it

A

Extinction

235
Q

Applying a noxious stimulus to make a behavior occur less frequently

A

Aversive Conditioning

236
Q

Are Physiologically based therapies used in modern psychiatry (2 forms of treatment)

A
  1. Psychotropic Medications
  2. ECT

Fall under Somatic Therapies

237
Q

Treatments include: hydrotherapy, insulin shock, neurosurgery, and sedation with narcotics, barbiturates and bromides

A

Somatic Therapies

238
Q

4 Major groups of Psychotic Medications

A
  1. Antipsychotic Agents
  2. Antidepressant Meds
  3. Antimanic Agents
  4. Anticonvulsant Meds
239
Q

3 Major disadvantages of using psychotropic medications

A
  1. They do not cure
  2. They have side effects and toxicity
  3. They are generally slow to action
240
Q

Axis II

A

Personality Disorders

Mental Retardation

241
Q

Axis III

A

General Medical Conditions

242
Q

Axis IV

A

Environmental Problems

Psychosocial Problems

243
Q

Axis I

A

Clinical Attention NOT Mental Retardation

244
Q

Axis V

A

Global Assessment of Functioning Scale

Quarter 2 (7 decks)

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