Spinal Flashcards
What are the regions of the spine
Cervical
Thoratic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
What are the key joints of the spine
Atlanto - occipital
Atlantoaxial
Intervertebral
Lumosacral
Where is the atlato-occipital joint
Between atlas and occipital conches of the skull
Where is the atlantoaxial joint
Between the atlas as the axis
Where is the intervertebral joint
Between vertebrae
Where is lumbrosacral joint
Between lumbar and sacral
What is the atlas
First cervical vertebrae
Where is the axis
Second cervical vertebra
Where is the rib facet joint
Thoratic regions
How many of each vertebrae are there
C x 7
T x 12
L x 5
S
C
What happens to vertebral bodies as you go down
Get bigger
What are the anatomical features of a vertebrae
Body
Foramen (hole)
Spinous process (point in middle)
Transverse processes (on sides)
Where does the spinal chord sit
Through foramen
What is between each vertebrae
Intervertebral disks
Where do nerves pass
Through intervertebral, not vertebral foramen
Formed by overlapping of spinous processes
What are the deformations of the spine
Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis
What are lordosis and kyphosis
Kyphosis is head forward, lordosis is pelvis forward
What happens when we lift with poor posture
Compression on front of intervertebral disk, squeezes content toward the back
Causes herniated disks,prolapsed disks
What may happen with a prolapsed disk
Associated pain or muscle weakness to body area
What are the movement of the lumbar spine and what do they look like
Lumbar flexion - sit up
Lumbar extension- dish
Lumbar rotation - twist
Lunar lateral extension- lean to one side
What does lumbar flexion cause with regards to the pelvic girdle
Anterior pelvic rotation
What does lumbar extension cause with regards to the pelvic girdle
Posterior pelvic rotation
What are the main abdominal muscles
Rectus abdominis
Obliques, internal and external
Transverse abdominis
Where does the rectus abdominis insert and origin
I - cartilage of rib 5,6,7
O - crest of pubis
What is the middle attachment line of the rectus abdominis called
Linea alba
What are the lines between and called
Tendinous inscriptions
What muscles allow rotation
Obliques, external and internal
Where do the external obliques inset and originate
Insert, crest of ilium
Originate, lower eight ribs
Where do the internal obliques insert and originate
O, crest of ilium
I, costal cartilage of 8 9 10 ribs
What is the role of the transverse abdominis
Core stability
Abdominal pressure
Forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inwards
What muscle causes extension of the spine
Erector spinae
(Posterior muscles)
Where do the erector spinae originate and insert
Spinous processes
What are the posterior spinal muscles
Erector spinae
Quadratus lumborum
What is the role of the quadratus lamborum
Stabilisation of pelvis and lumbar spine
Core stability and posture
Where does the quadratus lumborae insert and originate
I 12th rib and L 1-4
O iliac crest
