Ankle And Foot Flashcards
What is reciprocal inhibition
When an agonist contracts, the antagonist gets reciprocal inhibition
Muscles on one side of a joint relax to allow contraction on the other side of the joint
Agonist motor units are activated, causing reciprocal neural inhibition of antagonist
Allows lengthening of antagonist
Dorsal and ventral root do this
How many bones in each foot
26
What are the functions of the foot
Load baring
Locomotion
Shock absorption
Lever for propulsion
What is the longitudinal arch and what does it consist of
The arch that runs from ankle to toe
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular bone
Cuneiform/cuboid bones (lateral side)
Metatarsals
What is the transverse arch
Extend from first metatarsal (big toe) to fifth metatarsal
What are the features of low arches
Softer foot type
Good shock absorption
Less propulsive
What are the features of high arches
Rigid foot
Poor shock absorption
Good propulsion
What is the plantar fascia
A web like ligament structure
Attached to calcaneous, metatarsals, phalanges and the skin
Helps support arches and load bearing
What is plantar fasciitis
Heel pain
Inflammatory, overtraining
Tightness in Achilles
Breakdown of collagen in the joint causes
Describe the ankle joint
- ankle joint, talocrural
= tibia, fibular and talus
Hinge joint, plantar and dorsi
More plantar than dorsi
What plane and axis does the ankle work in
Saggital plane, frontal axis
What are the other joints of foot and ankle
- subtalar (under talus, between calcaneous)
- transverse tarsal joint
(Between talus and navicular and calcaneous and cuboid)
= THESE TWO ALLOW INVERSION AND EVERSION
- Tarsometatarsal joint
(Between cuneiforms on medial side and cuboid on lateral side and metatarsals) - metatarsophalangeal joint
- interphalangeal joints, proximal and distal
What are the 4 compartments of the muscles of the foot and ankle
Superficial posterior
Deep posterior
Anterior
Lateral
What makes up the superficial posterior compartment
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
What is the insertion and origin of the gastrocnemius
- origin, posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle
- insertion, posterior surface of the calcaneous
What is the insertion and the origin of the soleus
Origin - posterior surface of head of fibula and proximal half of the posterior tibial surface
Insertion - posterior surface of calcaneous
= plantarflexion and inversion
What makes up the deep posterior compartment
Tibial is posterior
(assists with plantar flexion and inversion)
Flexor digiitorum longus - toe flexor
Flexor hallucis longus - big toe flexor
What makes up the anterior compartment
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
All primary dorsi flexors
What makes up the lateral compartment
Peroneus longus
Peroneus breviary
Peroneus tertius
Primary evertors
What are the causes of Achilles tendon rupture
- sudden dorsiflexion whist muscle is in tension
- heavy activation after periods of activity
What are shin splints
Small tears/inflammation of muscles attaching to tibia
