Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones in skeletal system
206
What are the functions
- muscle attachment
- lever
- scaffolding
- mineral storage
- bone marrow store
- protect
What makes up the axial skeleton
- skull
- spine
- ribs and sternum
What are the types on bones
- thin and generally curved = flat bone
- diaphysis, longer than it is wide with epiphysis at the ends
- embedded in a tendon e.g patella (sesamoid bone)
- irregular
- cube shaped (short bones)
What makes up the appendicular skeleton
- pelvic girdle
- all 4 limbs
- shoulder girdle (scapula and clavicle)
= girdles meet axial skeleton
What is the only joint between upper limb and axial skeleton
Sternoclavicular
What are the three B-road joint classifications
- fixed fibrous joints
- slightly moveable (intervertebral disks)
- freely moveable synovial
What are the features of synovial joints
- synovial membrane
- Articular capsule
- Articular cartilage
- joint cavity containing synovial fluid
What are the technical names of joint classifications?
- ball and socket = enarthrodial
- hinge = ginglymus
- saddle = sellar (thumb)
- pivot = trochoidal (radius and ulna)
- gliding = arthrodial (intercarpal)
- condyloidal ( metaphalangeal)
What is at the very end of bone
Articular cartilage
What are the end of bones called
Epiphysis (proximal and distal)
What is epiphysis made up of
Spongey bone
What comes before the epiphysis
Metaphysis, separated from epiphysis by epiphyseal line
What is the metaphysis made up of
Red bone marrow
What is in the centre of the bone
Medullary cavity filled with yellow bone marrow
What is the lining membrane of the inner wall/ medullary cavity
Endosteum
What is the length of the bone called?
Diaphysis
What is in the very outside of the bone
Compact bone
What is a compound/ open fracture
Through skin
What is a green stick fracture
Not fully snapped
What is a comminuted fracture
Complete break with multiple broken of pieces
What is osteoarthritis
Loss of bone mass and density leading to brittle bone
Training can prevent or reverse
Age and hormonal changes, calcium deficiency
What is osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease,
- aging, wear and tear
- response to injury
Due to deterioration of cartilage
- bone growth, spurs reduce movement
- muscle weakness, poor proprioreception
What is rheumatoid arthritis
- autoimmune disorder
- cartilage attached
- inflammation, swelling pain
- leads to fusion of a joint
