Sphincters and Valves

Question 1

what surrounds the ampulla of vater?

Answer 1

the sphincter of ampulla

Question 2

where is the sphincter of bile duct?

Answer 2

surrounding the inferior terminus of the bile duct

Question 3

what surrounds the terminal part of the pancreatic duct?

Answer 3

sphincter of pancreatic duct

Question 4

what is located within the cystic duct, helping to keep it open?

Answer 4

spiral folds

Question 5

hard masses formed of bile constituents are called what?

Answer 5

gallstones

Question 6

what are gallstones mainly composed of?

Answer 6

cholesterol crystals

Question 7

where are gallstones commonly found at?

Answer 7

the distal end of the hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of vater) usually at the sphincter of ampulla

Question 8

what results from gallstones?

Answer 8

acute pancreitis

Question 9

what are some risk factors for developing gallstones?

Answer 9

1. ) being female
2. ) obesity
3. ) pregnancy/ history of pregnancy
4. ) high fat diet

Question 10

in 30% of patients suffering from gallstones where do they have referred pain?

Answer 10

right subscapular region

Question 11

where does a gallbladder attach cause pain at?

Answer 11

upper right quadrant of the abdomen