Groin (Inguinal) Region Flashcards
what extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle?
the inguinal ligament
what are the most medial fibers of the inguinal ligament which are inserted on the superior pubic ramus?
the Lacunar Ligament
what is a lateral extension of the Lacunar Ligament along the pectineal line?
Pectineal Ligament
what is a 3-5 cm canal that runs thru the anterior abdominal wall
the inguinal canal
where does the inguinal canal begin?
the deep inguinal ring
where doe the inguinal canal end?
the superficial inguinal ring
T/F the inguinal canal is larger in females than in males?
False, the inguinal canal is much larger in men, transmitting the spermatic cord
the inguinal canal transmits what in men?
the spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
the inguinal canal transmits what in women?
the round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve
what strengthens the posterior wall of the medial half of the inguinal canal, help preventing inguinal hernias?
the Conjoint Tendon
what forms the anterior boundary of the inguinal canal?
the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
what forms the posterior boundary of the inguinal canal?
the conjoint tendon and the transversalis fascia
the roof of the inguinal canal is formed by whar?
internal oblique and the transversus abdominis
the floor of the inguinal canal is formed by what?
the inguinal and lacunar ligaments
what lies immediately lateral to the pubic tubercle?
the superficial inguinal ring
what is the triangle opening in the external oblique aponeurosis?
the superficial inguinal ring
the superficial ring is formed by the splitting of the external oblique aponeurosis into what 2 crura?
the Lateral Crus and the Medial Crus
the lateral crus inserts where?
the pubic tubercle
the medial crus inserts where?
the pubic arch
what is the job of the intercrural fibers?
they strengthen the apex of the superficial inguinal ring, preventing a hernia here
what is the opening within the transversalis fascia?
the deep inguinal ring
what makes up the medial boundary of the inguinal triangle?
the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis muscle
the inferior epigastric vessels form what?
the lateral boundary of the inguinal triangle
what form the inferior boundary of the inguinal triangle?
inguinal ligament
where do direct inguinal hernias occur?
they occur in the inguinal triangle
how is the inguinal canal aligned before birth?
it is shorter and less oblique, pretty much straight
is an adults inguinal canal straight A to P?
no, as you grow it becomes more oblique
what are the two anatomical adaptations that strengthen the inguinal canal?
1) in adults it is oblique 2) conjoint tendon
what is the half sphincter mechanism?
when they fix a hernia they can only sew it halfway, they can’t completely close the canal
what is a hernia
it is an abnormal protusion of tissue thru an opening
what viscera is protuding thru the hole?
it is the abominal viscera usually the small intestine
T/F inguinal hernias are more common in men than women?
True
what is an out pouching of the anterior abdominal wall?
the scrotum
what is homologous to the scrotum in females?
labia majora, but this is mostly filled with fat
what are two kinds of inguinal hernias?
direct and indirect inguinal hernias
what hernia accounts for 75% of the hernias?
indirect inguinal hernia
T/F direct inguinal hernia is congenital?
False, indirect may be congenital. This is called Patent Processes Vaginalis.
which hernia passes lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?
indirect inguinal hernia
Which hernia passes medial to the inferior epigastric vessels?
Direct inguinal hernia
what happens in a direct inguinal hernia?
it punches thru the posterior wall of the inguinal canal, by passing the inguinal canal
does a direct inguinal hernia descend into the scrotum?
no, it generally causes a bulging in the anterior abdominal wall
is direct hernia acquired or congenital?
acquired, due to the weakness in the conjoint tendon or transversalis fascia
T/F occurs in mostly male?
True
It accounts for 50% of hernias?
false, 25%
subluxation of what levels will affect the muscles of the abdominal wall?
lower thoracic & upper lumbar
T/F the rectus abdominals protects the anterior wall in preventing hernias?
false, it lies medial to the inguinal canal
what kind of hernias are more common in females than in males?
femoral hernias
where do femoral hernias occur?
inferior to the inguinal canal and it passes thru the femoral canal
what type of hernia results from incomplete closure of the anterior abdominal after the ligation of the umbilicus?
umbilical hernia
what hernia is present at birth?
umbilical hernia
what hernia results in the defects in the linea alba?
umbilical hernia
what type of hernia can occur because of pregnancy or surgical trauma?
umbilical hernia
