Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
How do the midclavicular planes divide the abdomen?
they are vertical planes, extending down from the two clavicles.
How does the subcostal plane divide the abdomen?
It is a horizontal plane from the lowest point of the costal on each side.
how does the transtubercular plane divide the abdomen?
it is a horizontal line thru the the iliac tuberacles.
what are the nine regions of the abdomen?
right hypochondrium, epigastric, left hypochondrium, right flank (lateral), umbilical, left flank (lateral), right groin (inguinal), pubic, left groin (inguinal)
where does the liver lie?
mostly in the right hypochondrium and epigastric
what lies in the left hypochondrium?
the spleen, and the fundus & body of the stomach
how many quadrants are in the abdomen?
4
what are the 4 quadrants in the abdomen?
right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower
what are the two layers of the fascia of the anterior abdominal wall?
superficial fascia and deep (investing) layer
what is continuous with the superficial fascia of the perineum and thigh?
the superficial fascia (camper’s fascia)
the deep layer (scarpa’s fascia) is what?
a membranous layer of fascia the is fastened to the fascia lata of the thigh.
what covers the anterior abdominal wall muscles on the the anterior and posterior surface?
the deep (investing) fascia
what is between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?
a potential space where fluid can accumulate
what causes a build of urine in the space between the scarpa’s and deep fascia?
the rupture of the spongy urethra
extravasation of urine can only go where?
it can only spread superior
extravasation of urine is almost exclusive to?
almost exclusive to males because the urethra is longer, more superficial, and more horizontal than in females
what cause extravastion of urine?
trauma
what are the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall?
linea alba, external obliques, internal obliques, transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, and then there are tendinous intersection
external obliques run what way?
downward and forward
internal obliques run what way?
downward and backward
what muscle acts as internal back-brace?
transversus abdominis
what topographical feature creates the lateral edge of the rectus abdominis
linea semilunaris
what creates the washboard abs look?
the tendinous intersections that run transversely across the rectus abdominis
what is the small slip of muscle that lies anterior to the rectus abdominis and lies within its sheath?
pyramidalis muscle
low back pain is often assocaited with what?
weak abdominal muscles
anterior abdominal muscles are active when?
coughing, sneezing, defecation, vomiting, parturition (child birth), and micturating (urination)
the rectus sheath is formed by?
the aponeuroses of the external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdominis muscles
what does the rectus sheath enclose?
the rectus abdominis muscle, the pyramidalis muscle (when present), superior epigastric artery and vein, the inferior epigastric artery and vein, anterior primary rami of the lower 6 thoracic nerves
what is the arcuate line?
a cresent shaped line in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath located between the umbilicus and pubic crest
the anterior layer rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?
the external and internal obliques
the posterior layer of rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of what?
the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis muscles
the anterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed of what?
external oblique, internal oblique, and transversus abdminis muscles
the posterior layer of rectus sheath below the arcuate line is composed by what?
the transversalis fascia
what are the 5 folds of the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?
median umbilical fold, medial umbilical fold, lateral umbilical fold, supravesical fold, medial inguinal fossa, lateral inguinal fossa
the blood flow to the anterior abdominal wall is feed by?
1) superior epigastric artery 2) inferior epigastric artery 3) lumbar arteries 4) deep circumflex iliac artery
where does the superior epigastric artery come from?
the internal thoracic artery
the external thoracic gives rise to what artery?
the inferior epigastric artery, and the deep circumflex iliac artery
the lumbar arteries come from what artery?
the abdominal aorta
what was the embryonic bladder?
the median umbilical fold
what was the embryonic umbilical artery?
the medial umbilical fold
what fold contains the inferior epigastric vessels?
the lateral umbilical fold
the medial inguinal fossa lies where?
in between the medial and lateral umbilical folds
what fossa lies in between the medial and median umbilical folds?
the supravesical fossa
T/F the ligamentum teres contains the obliterated umbilical vien?
true
T/F the ligamentum teres does function post natal?
False
the lower 6 thoracic nerves run where?
between the internal oblique and the transversus abdominis
