Portal Venous System Flashcards

1
Q

what drains the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder?

A

the portal venous system

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2
Q

what nutrients are picked up by the portal venous system?

A

all but FAT

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3
Q

what are fats picked up by?

A

lymphatics vessels called lacteals

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4
Q

how does blood flow in the portal venous system/

A

organs–> tributaries of the portal vein –> portal vein, which divides into left and right branches –> liver sinusoids—> Caval system via hepatic veins

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5
Q

how does the blood flow in the Caval system?

A

body wall and organs—> tributaries of the inferior and superior vena cava–> inferior and superior vena cava

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6
Q

what forms the portal vein?

A

the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

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7
Q

what are the tributaries of the Portal Vein?

A

splenic, superior mesenteric, left gastric, paraumbilical

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8
Q

cirrhosis of the liver is what?

A

characterized by the destruction of hepatic cells and the their replacement by fibrous tissue and fat

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9
Q

what is the most common visceral organ for the metastisi of colon cancer?

A

the liver

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10
Q

what happens to the liver in cirrhosis?

A

the liver becomes nodular and hard and tends to constrict the portal vein, causing portal hypertension

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11
Q

what causes portal hypertension?

A

cirrhosis of the liver

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12
Q

what are some causes of liver cirrhosis?

A
  1. ) alcoholism
  2. ) hepatitis
  3. ) chronic obstruction of the bile duct
  4. ) CHF
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13
Q

what is portal hypertension?

A

an abnormal elevation of pressure within the portal system, often due to cirrhosis of the liver

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14
Q

where is the portal vein constricted?

A

the porta hepatsis

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15
Q

does the portal system have valves?

A

no

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16
Q

where are locations of portal-caval anastamoses?

A
  1. ) distal esophagus
  2. ) around umbilicus
  3. ) rectum and anal canal
17
Q

what are the veins that can lead to a portal- caval anastaomes in the esophagus?

A

caval vein- esophageal

portal vein- left gastric

18
Q

what are the veins that can lead to a portal- caval anastaomes around the umbilicus?

A

caval- superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall

portal- paraumbilical

19
Q

what are the veins that can lead to a portal- caval anastaomes in the rectum and anal canal?

A

caval- middle and inferior rectal

portal- superior rectal

20
Q

what is the sign of a portal- caval anastomoses in the distal esophagus?

A

esophageal varices

21
Q

what is the sign of a portal- caval anastomoses around the umbilicus?

A

caput medusa ( if this sign shows up the case is very bad)

22
Q

what is the sign of a portal- caval anastomoses in the rectum and anal canal regoin?

A

hemorrhoids

23
Q

can esophageal varices be fatal?

A

true they can rupture and cause fatal bleeding