Speed Accuracy Trade-off

Question 1

In a speed-deviation graph what trend is noticed for movements?

Answer 1

Error increases as speed increases

Question 2

What movements will be noticed for a near target?

Answer 2

-best accuracy
-slowest average speed

Question 3

What movements will be noticed for a far target?

Answer 3

-low accuracy
-fastest average speed

Question 4

Index of difficulty =

Answer 4

log2(2A/W)

Question 5

Why might older adults have a higher y-int for MT?

Answer 5

-baseline movements (unconstrained) are slower than young adults

Question 6

Why might older adults have a higher/steeper slope?

Answer 6

speed-accuracy tradeoff is more severe

Question 7

When looking at hand velocity profiles what will you notice about older adults?

Answer 7

-more time in deceleration
-more corrections

Question 8

What is motor variability proportional to?

Answer 8

amount of force produced

Question 9

At what % does variability peak?

Answer 9

75% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)

Question 10

Fast twitch fibres

Answer 10

-tend to contribute to larger motor units
-recruited later
-larger innervation numbers

Question 11

Slow twitch fibres

Answer 11

-recruited first
-smaller innervation numbers

Question 12

MT increases as;

Answer 12

1) width decreases (accuracy demand increases)
2) amplitude increases

Question 13

Attention

Answer 13

-limited cognitive resource
-used for different tasks/purposes

Question 14

When may a secondary task not distract from performance?

Answer 14

-when the attentional demands are low

Question 15

When attentional demands are high how does this impact secondary tasks?

Answer 15

-negative on both sides
(ie. texting and driving)

Question 16

Three stages of information processing

Answer 16

1) perception (stimulus identification)
2) response selection (decision)
3) response programming (action)

Question 17

Why is parallel processing beneficial?

Answer 17

-no interference in stimulus identification and response selection (color red, in red)

Question 18

Can different streams of sensory info be processed simultaneously and independently?

Answer 18

Often - yes! (ie. auditory and visual cues)

Question 19

controlled processing

Answer 19

-slow, deliberate, consciously aware, high attention demand
-“novies”

Question 20

automatic processing

Answer 20

-fast, smooth, unconscious performance, low attention demand
-“experts”

Question 21

What does practice lead to?

Answer 21

automatic processing

Question 22

What does pressure revert to?

Answer 22

controlled processing

Question 23

What are temporally and spatially incompatible movements?

Answer 23

-performing multiple (often asynchronous) independent movements
(ie. drummer, patting head/rubbing tummy)

Question 24

arousal

Answer 24

-level of excitement produced under stress

Question 25

What is the inverted “U” principle?

Answer 25

-relationship btwn arousal level and performance
-idea of optimal performance at moderate levels of arousal

Question 26

Can how an athlete handles pressure and arousal be altered?

Answer 26

Yes, with practice

Question 27

What is the “Individual Zone Optimal Functioning (IZOF)”

Answer 27

-range of arousal levels associated w/ a persons maximal performance
-athlete dependent

Question 28

When may low arousal be beneficial?

Answer 28

-high complexity tasks
-complex cognitive
-high precision
(ie. golf)

Question 29

When may high arousal be beneficial?

Answer 29

-power sports
-low precision
-simple technique
(ie. weight lifting)