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KNES 251 (Motor Control) > Reflexes > Flashcards

Reflexes Flashcards

Lecture 21/22/23

1
Q

What will interference result in?

A

-increase RT
-increase performance errors
(ie. read red, see blue)

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2
Q

Some systems of sensory feedback

A

-vestibular (ear)
-cutaneous receptors
-Golgi tendon organs
-muscle spindles

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3
Q

Deafferentation

A

-caused by demyelination of large peripheral nerves
-struggle w/ touch and proprioception

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4
Q

AIDP

A

acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

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5
Q

Without visual info what would you expect to see from a patient w/ deafferentation

A

-inaccurate, jerky movements
-large errors

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6
Q

How does a muscle stretch impact AP’s in muscle spindles

A

-increase firing rates

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7
Q

How does a muscle contraction impact AP’s in muscle spindles

A

-reduce firing rates

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8
Q

How do spindle receptors sense muscle length?

A

-muscle stretch deforms and opens ion channels
-excites spindle afferent

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9
Q

What produces large muscle responses?

A

-longer and larger stimuli

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10
Q

Rapid force applied to the patellar tendon causes…

A

the quadriceps muscle to contract

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11
Q

What increases latency in neural reponses?

A

-increased synapses

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12
Q

Homonymous muscle

A

same muscle stretched by stimulus

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13
Q

purpose of gamma motor neurons

A

-maintain spindle sensitivity
-maintains length of intrafusal fibres (muscle spindle) during voluntary muscle contraction

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14
Q

Alternate names for long latency reflexes (LLR) inculde?

A

-long loop
-transcortical
-polysnaptic

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15
Q

Describe attributes of short-latency reflexes (SLR’s)

A

-spinal proprioceptive feedback
-20 to 50ms
-simple processing capabilities

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16
Q

Describe attributes of long-latency reflexes (LLR’s)

A

-spinal feedback, plus cortical (brain) feedback)
-50 to 105ms

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17
Q

Describe attributes of voluntary epoch

A

-spinal, cortical and visual feedback
-longest to process (120+ms)

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18
Q

Properties of SLR

A

-scale w/ background muscle activity (closer/further threshold)
-scale w/ rate and amount of muscle stretch (more AP’s, more neurotransmitters, more force)

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19
Q

Properties of LLR

A

-recruit cerebral cortex
-flexible, goal-directed processing
-increase when goal is to resist mechanical perturbation (as opposed to “let go”)

20
Q

Desired state

A

-goal of task

21
Q

Motor plan

A

-aim to maintain/attain goal

22
Q

Motor command

A

-activity in motor circuits (cortical or subcortical)

23
Q

comparator =

A

brain

24
Q

Expected state

A

-intended/planned movement

25
Q

error =

A

difference btwn actual and expected state

26
Q

purpose of error signal

A

adjust ongoing movement

27
Q

closed-loop (feedback control system)

A

-uses sensory feedback to detect errors correct voluntary motor actions

28
Q

executive (feedback controller)

A

-processes sensory info
-selects, programs appropriate response

29
Q

effector

A

-component of peripheral motor system
-generates desired motor response

30
Q

dorsal vision stream is important for…

A

controlling actions

31
Q

ventral vision stream is important for…

A

perceptual judgements

32
Q

exteroception

A

-sensory info that tells us about the state of our body in relation to the world around us

33
Q

photoreceptors

A

-absorb photons
-trigger change in membrane potential

34
Q

rods

A

-concentrated in peripheral
-low visual acuity
-sensitive to motion

35
Q

cones

A

-concentrated in fovea (centre)
-high acuity
-high spatial resolution
-color vision

36
Q

dorsal stream

A

-“where” pathway
-action guidance

37
Q

ventral stream

A

-“what” pathway
-vision for perception (orientation), identification, recognition

38
Q

form agnosia

A

-ventral stream damage
-selective impairments in perception
-intact control of actions
(can copy/draw, but don’t know what it is)

39
Q

optic ataxia

A

-dorsal stream damage
-inability to use vision to guide reaching movements

40
Q

info given by optic flow (vision)

A

-time to contact
-direction of movement
-movement
-stability and balance
-velocity of movement

41
Q

low rate of expansion (EX)

A

freighter in the distance

42
Q

high rate of expansion (EX)

A

deer in the headlights

43
Q

Rate of expansion increases as…

A

time to contact decreases (closer)

44
Q

Vision helps most with what type of movements

A

-slow, deliberate

45
Q

the dorsal visual stream gives control of what type of visual feedback

A

fast, stimulus dependent

46
Q

the ventral visual stream gives control of what type of visual feedback

A

-slower, task-dependent

KNES 251 (Motor Control) (10 decks)

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