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KNES 251 (Motor Control) > Basics of Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Basics of Neuroanatomy Flashcards

Lecture 2

1
Q

ventral (brain)

A

front/below

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2
Q

dorsal (brain)

A

back/above

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3
Q

rostral (brain)

A

towards forehead (front)

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4
Q

caudal (brain)

A

towards back

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5
Q

horizontal plane

A

(axial) cuts parallel to the ground

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6
Q

coronal plane

A

(frontal) like cutting your front/face off

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7
Q

sagittal plane

A

down longitudinal fissure (that’s the one that cuts your brain into right/left)

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8
Q

What structures make up the CNS?

A

-brain
-spinal cord

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9
Q

What structures make up the PNS?

A

-cranial (face) nerves
-spinal nerves

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10
Q

What are the borders of the spinal cord?

A

medulla oblongata to lumbar region

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11
Q

Is gray matter myelinated?

A

No!

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12
Q

Is white matter myelinated?

A

Yes!

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13
Q

What are the four regions (superior to inferior)

A

-cervical
-thoracic
-lumbar
-sacral

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14
Q

Group of neuronal cell bodies in PNS

A

ganglion/ganglia

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15
Q

Group of neuronal cell bodies in CNS

A

nucleus/nuclei

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16
Q

Dermatome

A

an area of skin supplied by neurons that all arise from a specific spinal segment

17
Q

Brainstem

A

-includes midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
-responsible for basic human requirements (breathing, HR)

18
Q

Cerebellum

A

-coordinates voluntary movements
-posture, balance, coordination speech
-sensory info (high neuron count)
-error based learning

19
Q

Thalamus

A

-relay station of sensory/motor info
-main part of diencephalon (grey matter)
-regulates consciousness, sleep, alertness

20
Q

cerebral cortex

A

-outer layer
-attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, consciouness

21
Q

How are neurons similar to other cells?

A

-lipid bilayer membrane
-cell body, nucleus, etc.

22
Q

How are neurons different from other cells?

A

-unique morphology
-electrically excitable

23
Q

What does the phrase “form follows function” mean?

A

In neurons the more complex the process, the more complex looking the neuron

24
Q

Where is the cell body of a sensory neuron located?

A

middle of the neuron

25
Q

Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located?

A

in dendrite

26
Q

Dendrites

A

receive input

27
Q

Axons

A

send outputs

28
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

provide myelination for CNS

29
Q

Schwann cells

A

provide myelination for PNS

30
Q

Astrocytes

A

metabolic, neuroprotective tasks in CNS

31
Q

Purpose of glial cells

A

supportive functions for nervous system; structural, nutritional, immunological, janitorial

32
Q

Microglia

A

main immune defense in CNS

33
Q
A

KNES 251 (Motor Control) (10 decks)

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