Speech and Language

Question 1

Define Speech

Answer 1

Communication through vocalized sounds that form spoken words and sentences

Question 2

Phonation

Answer 2

Direct sounds produced by the larynx

Question 3

Phoneme

Answer 3

a distinct sound that carries contrast with others

Question 4

Dysphonia

Answer 4

Disturbance of phonation causing alteration of volume

Question 5

Dysarthria

Answer 5

Disturbance of articulation caused by impaired motor control resulting in slurred speech

Question 6

Mutism

Answer 6

absence of phonation

Question 7

How to assess for spontaneous speech:

Answer 7

Have a subject read, repeat selected phrases

Listen for speech volume, rate of speech, articulation

Question 8

Language definition

Answer 8

system of arbitrary symbols that permits communication of thoughts, idea, emotions

Question 9

Aphasia

Answer 9

Loss of ability for spoken and written language

Question 10

Alexia

Answer 10

Loss of ability to read when no visual impairment exists

Question 11

Agraphia

Answer 11

Loss of the ability to write when no motor impairment exists.

Question 12

Paraphasia

Answer 12

language errors due to word or sound substitution

Question 13

Semantic paraphasia

Answer 13

substitution of one word for another

Question 14

Phonemic paraphrasia

Answer 14

substitution of one sound for another

Question 15

Neologism

Answer 15

Creation of meaningless words

Question 16

Semantics

Answer 16

The meaning or interpretation of a word, sentence, or other languge form

Question 17

Syntax

Answer 17

System of rules (grammar)

Question 18

Prosody

Answer 18

Tone, inflection that ads to meaning of words

Question 19

Main language areas

Answer 19

Broca’s areas (44,45) and Wernicke’s (22)

Question 20

Broca Aphasia- lesion in Broca Area

Answer 20

• Expressive or Motor Aphasia
  Non-fluent speech and difficulty with syntax
  Grammar and production of individualized words
  Comprehension is intact

Question 21

Lesion of arcuate fasciculus?

Answer 21

Conduction Aphasia- DIfficulty repeating words. Both comprehension and production of language intact

Question 22

Wernicke Aphasia

Answer 22

Receptive or sensory aphasia, fluent speech, syntax, grammar intact.
Difficulty with comprehension of speech

Question 23

Over 95% of right handed people show dominance in what hemisphere

Answer 23

Left

Question 24

Over 65% of left handed people are what hemisphere dominant

Answer 24

Left, 15-20% are right, the remainder have mixed

Question 25

Left hemisphere functions in a left dominant person?

Answer 25

Speech, writing, lexical and syntactic language

Question 26

Right hemisphere functions in a left dominant person

Answer 26

Rudimentary speech

Emotional coloring of language

Question 27

Six components of language testing

Answer 27

• Expression- normal verbal output 100-150 words per minute
• Comprehension- test ability to follow complex and simple commands
• Repitition- Ask subject to repeat single words and phrases
• Reading- Ask subject to read aloud and follow a written command
• Writing- ask subject to write a simple sentence
• Naming- Ask subject to identify common objects

Question 28

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 28

reduced verbal putput
single words or short phrases
words restricted to nouns, verbs, adjectives
Limited Use of syntactical words
Comprehension relatively spared, but some trouble in understanding complex syntactical language
Poor repititions, paraphrasias common.

Question 29

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 29

• Verbal output normal or increased.
• Sentences devoid of meaningful language…nouns reploaced by pronouns and prepositions
• Comprehension seriously impacted
• Lesion location- Brodman’s area 22

Question 30

Global aphasia

Answer 30

• both expressive and receptive language function impaired.
• Non-fluent, common paraphasic errors
• Lesion involves large area of left hemisphere

Question 31

Conduction aphasia

Answer 31

comprehension and fluency are relatively good but repition is poor
- Lesion in supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus

Question 32

Transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 32

• uncommon aphasia similar to Broca’s except that subjects are able to repeat
• Lesion is left nterir frontal lobe, either superior or inferior to Broca’s area

Question 33

Transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 33

similar to wernicke’s except that subjects are able to repeat. Lesion is in left border zone between left middle cerebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 34

Mixed transcortical aphasia

Answer 34

uncommon aphasia similar to global aphasia except pts are able to repeat