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Clinical Neuroscience weeks 1-3 > 23B amygdala, hippocampal and limbic > Flashcards

23B amygdala, hippocampal and limbic Flashcards

1
Q

Limbic lobe surrounds….

Limbic System consists of circuits concerned with…

A

lateral ventricles

Limbic system refers to circuits concerned with emotion (Amygdala- frontal part of temporal lobe) and cognitive function (hippocampus)

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2
Q

Amygdala is located where

A

Anterior part of temporal lobe

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3
Q

Functions of the amygdala and its nuclei

A
  • olfaction
  • emotions
  • autonomic
  • learning and memory
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4
Q

Three main groups of amygdaloid nuclei

A
  • Corticomedial- The olfactory part
  • Central: principal output nucleus; striatum like in structure, important for autonomic control
  • Basolateral- principal input nucleus
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5
Q

Major inputs to the corticomedial nuclei are from

A

olfactory bulb, parabrachial nucleus (taste), Medial dorsal, ventromedial thalamus

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6
Q

Primary output of the corticomedial uceli

A

hypothalamus

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7
Q

Central nucleus receives its major inputs from where

A

basolateral nuceli of the amygdala and from the hypothalamus

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8
Q

Principal output of the central nucleus is

A

brainstem and hypothalamus

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9
Q

Main functions of the central nucleus…KNOW

A

autonomic control (BP, HR)
arousal
subjective experience

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10
Q

Amygdala is crucial for regulating

A

emotional and social behavior

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11
Q

Bilateral amygdala lesions=

A

in a monkey

  • hypersexual
  • tame
  • Hyperphagia if Basolateral nucleus is lesioned, Hypophagia if the central nucleus is lesioned

Central—starve yourself

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12
Q

Animals with bilateral amygdaloid lesions are extremely oral- they put everything in their mouth

A

ok

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13
Q

Bilateral loss of the anterior temporal lobe (amygdala) is called

A

Kluver Bucy syndrome

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14
Q

Kluver Bucy symptoms

A

Rare in human pts

  • hypersexual
  • hyper oral
  • tame
  • hyperphagia
  • hyperactive
  • psychic blindness (don’t recognize the emotional content of facial expressions)
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15
Q

Urbech Wiethe?

A

Calcifications in neural tissue in the anterior temporal lobes… LIterally cannot recognize fear. Can’t recognize a scared face, can’t draw fear, hav eno idea what it really is. Prevents them from acting appropriately around others

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16
Q

Which part of the brain is the executor of fear?

A

Amygdala (esp basolateral )

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17
Q

Learning and memories

A

basolateral nucleus

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18
Q

Principal cell type of the Central Nucleus is

A

medium spiny GABAergic

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19
Q

Principal cell type in Basolateral

A

pyramidal cells

20
Q

Basolateral nucleus of the amygdala receives most of its input from

A
  • Neocortex (association cortex primarily), thalamus, hippocampal formation…..most of it is highly processed sensory info
21
Q

Major output of the basolateral nucelus is

A

Back to the central nucleus

22
Q

Important to realize that the basolateral nucleus is ideally placed between cortical and sensory inputs and outputs to the Central Nucleus and hypothalamus in order to integrate sensory experience and emotional behavior.

A

BASOLATERAL NUCLEUS IS RESP for emotional component of learning and memories

23
Q

Hippocampus is derived from what brain region

A

Telencephalon

24
Q

Describe hippocampal location

A

temporal lobe, just behind amygdala

25
Q

What is the alveus

A

Collected axons of hippocampal pyramidal cells

26
Q

Alveus fibers collect and form

A

fimbria

27
Q

Fimbria becomes

A

fornix

28
Q

Two major input pathways to hippocampal formation

A

1) Perforant pathway from lateral entorhinal cortex

2) Alvear pathway from medial entorhinal

29
Q

Describe the tri-synaptic circuit of the hippocampus

A

Main input to hippocampal formation is excitatory projection from the entorhinal cortex to granule cells in the Dentate Gyrus via the perforant path.

The Dentate gyrus then projects excitatory cells to CA3 pyramidal cells via mossy fibers (very secure)

CA3 then projects to CA1 via schaeffer collaterals.

  • Alvear path is ERC to CA1 directly
30
Q

Almost all inputs to hippocampus come from

A

Entorhinal complex

31
Q

Almost all outputs of hippocampal formation are from

A

subiculum

32
Q

The Entorhinal complex is fucking important. It receives inputs from where

A

Cortex, thalamus, brainstem…..thus….the ERC is the gateway to the hippocampus and receives highly processed info about most of our experience

33
Q

Where does the subiculum project?

A

widely through the cortex

34
Q

Principal cells of CA fields and subiculum are

A

pyramidal neurons….have tons of spines for excitatory inputs

35
Q

Hippocampal pyramidal neurons (esp CA1) are highly susceptible to what

A

epilepsy and ischemia

36
Q

Because of the prevalence of excitatory neurons and their interconnections, the hippocampal formation is highly susceptible to

A

seizures….thus, GABAergic inhibitory interneurons play an important role in regulating activity

37
Q

Hippocampal pyramidal cells are especially sensitive to what disease

A

alzheimers….this loss of hippocampal neurons may be the basis for loss of memory

38
Q

Hippocampus very important for learnign and memory

A

especially spatial learnign and memory

39
Q

place cells

A

activity related to position of anmal in external environment

40
Q

To types of memory

A

Declarative- available to the conscious mind and encoded in language

Procedural: like riding a bike or playing guitar.

41
Q

Emotional content of memories governed by

A

amygdala

42
Q

basal ganglia and cerebellum are crucial for

A

implicit memory formation

43
Q

immediate memory

A

lasts only a few seconds

44
Q

short term memory

A

seconds to minutes

45
Q

working memory

A

allows us to keep things in mind to allow completion of a task

46
Q

Long term memories last for days weeks, etc

A

ok

47
Q

What is essential for formation and retreiveal of long term memories

A

hippocampus…..Long term memories stored in neocortex but hippocampus allows us to retrieve them

Clinical Neuroscience weeks 1-3 (26 decks)

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