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Clinical Neuroscience weeks 1-3 > Cerebellum and Brainstem Deep Structures > Flashcards

Cerebellum and Brainstem Deep Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What exactly does the Cerebellum do?

A

Modulates movement, aids in coordination and balance. Compensates for error by comparing intention with performance.

  • Also contributes some to non-motor functions such as cognition, emotion and affective processing
  • Appears to play a role in sequencing incoming sensory patterns and detecting temporal changes in the sequence of sensory events
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2
Q

Where are the Vermis and paravermian areas of the cerebellum located>

A

In the midline

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3
Q

What do the vermis and paravermian areas of the cerebellum control?

A

Axial musculature and trunk

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4
Q

What do the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellum control?

A

arms and legs

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5
Q

The floculonodular node is heavily involved in maintaining….

A

balance

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6
Q

Deep nuclei of the Cerebellum from lateral to medial

A

Dentate, Emboliform, GLobose, Fastigial

Don’t Eat Greasy Foods

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7
Q

What the hell are these nuclei?

A

Relay points for efferent fibers travelling from the cerebellar cortex to other brain regions

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8
Q

The dentate nuclei serve what hemispheres?

A

The lateral ones

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9
Q

The Emboliform nuclei serve what part of the cerebellum

A

Paravermal zone

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10
Q

The Globose nuclei serve what part of the cerebellum?

A

Paravermal zone

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11
Q

The Fastigial nuclei serve what part of the cerebellum?

A

The Vermis

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12
Q

Know Cerebellar Afferents and Efferents bundles

A

ok

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13
Q

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex (gray matter) are?

A
  • Molecular layer
  • Middle Layer
  • Granular Layer
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14
Q

What neuron types are found in the molecular layer?

A

Basket and Stellate Cells

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15
Q

What Neuron types are found in the middle layer?

A

Purkinje cells

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16
Q

What Neuron types are found in the Granular layer

A

Golgi and Granule cells

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17
Q

Only output neurons of the cerebellar cortex are?

A

Purkinje cells

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18
Q

The only direct input to the purkinje fibers from outside the cerebellum is?

A

Climbing fibers from the olivary nuclei

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19
Q

What effect do the stellate and basket cells have on the purkinje fibers

A

inhibitory

20
Q

Input from mossy fibers into the cerebellar cortex first passes through what?

A

Cerebellar glomerulus…These mossy fibers then synapse with the granule and golgi cell dendrites and then with Golgi axon terminals. The Granule cell then passes this modified information along to the purkinje cell

21
Q

Three functional divisions of the Cerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, Cerebrocerebellum

22
Q

Function of the Vestibulocerebellum

A
  • made up by vestibular nuclei, flocconodular node, fastigial nuclei, inferior paravermis
    coordinate eye, head, neck movements and maitain balance
23
Q

Function of the spinocerebellum

A
  • made up of vermis, superior paravermian layers, anterior lobe
    coordinate trunk and proximal limb movement
24
Q

Function of the Cerebrocerebellum

A
  • made up of lateral parts of posterior lobe

coordinate fine motor planning of limbs and anticipate sensory consequences of movements

Right cerebellar hemisphere controls right arm, body and leg

Left controls left

25
Q

Clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction

A

unstable gait, tendency to fall (sailor’s gait)

  • jerky, unsmooth movements accompanied by a tremor (uncoordinated movements)
  • Ataxia (dis-coordination)
  • Eye movement disorders
  • Speech disorders
26
Q

Superior Colliculus function

A

control of reflex movements that orient the eyes, head, neck in response to visual, auditory, and somatic stimuli

27
Q

Periaqueductal gray matter

A

functions in the processing of autonomic and limbic activities

28
Q

Aqueduct

A

connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

29
Q

Edinger Westphal nucleus

A

parasympathetic innervation of the eye to constrict the iris and alter lens shape for accomodation

30
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Motor control of eyes

31
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Fiber pathway to thalamus for pain/temperature from the periphery

32
Q

Medial lemnisucs

A

Sensory pathway for proprioception connecting the nucleus gracilis and cuneatus with the thalamus

33
Q

Medial geniculate

A

Thalamic relay nuclei for auditory information

34
Q

Lateral Geniculate

A

Thalamic relay nuclei for visual information

35
Q

Cerebral peduncle

A

fiber bundles of the corticospinal tract connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem

36
Q

Optic tract

A

optic fibers from the optic chiasm to lateral geniculate

37
Q

Substantia nigra

A

one of the nuclei involved in smooth motor control; degenerates in parkinsons

38
Q

Red nucleus

A

Relay nuclei between cerebellum to the thalamus

39
Q

Draw out brainstem structures from midbrain, pons, and upper medulla

A

ok

40
Q

Know whether CN nuclei lie in the midbrain, pons, medulla, or transition points in between

A

ok, FA p434

41
Q

A lesion at the base of the midbrain would cause what?

A
  • Ipsilateral Occulomotor nerve paresis
  • ## Contralateral hemiparesis (weakness on one side of body)
42
Q

A lesion at the tegmentum (area of midbrain spanning from substantia nigra to cerebral aqueduct

A
  • Ipsilateral occulomotor nerve paresis
  • Contralateral tremor
  • Contralateral ataxia
43
Q

Midbrain base and tegmentum

A

Ipsilateral 3rd nerve paresis
Contralateral hemiparesis
Contralateral tremor
contralateral ataxia

44
Q

Medial pons

A

contralateral hemiparesis
ipsilateral LMN
Facial paresis

45
Q

Medial medulla

A

contralateral arm and leg weakness
contralateral decreasin in position/vibration
Ipsilateral tongue weak

46
Q

Lateral medulla—fairly common

A

Ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nausea, ipsilateral decrease in face pain sensation, ipsilateral horner’s Dysphagia

Clinical Neuroscience weeks 1-3 (26 decks)

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