Speech

Question 1

What is it called when you change what you say to something better?

Answer 1

False start

Question 2

What is the name for this: (.)

Answer 2

Micro pause

Question 3

Utterances such as “um” and “er” and “I mean” are called what?

Answer 3

Fillers

Question 4

Speech tends to have pauses so it is_____

Answer 4

Spontaneous

Question 5

Questions like “Y’know” are called____

Answer 5

Tag questions

Question 6

Why do we use tag questions?

Answer 6

To look for support or a minimum response

Question 7

What does pragmatics mean?

Answer 7

The way language changes according to context

Question 8

What does sociolinguistics mean?

Answer 8

Link between language and relationship e.g the powerful person tends to control topic

Question 9

What is suprasegmentals?

Answer 9

Pitch, pace, volume, stress

Question 10

What does an upwards arrow mean in a text?

Answer 10

Rising intonation

Question 11

What is the meaning of a taboo?

Answer 11

The rules (not law) of society

Question 12

Who has institutional authority?

Answer 12

Parents, teachers and the police

Question 13

What is situational authority?

Answer 13

Someone having more power because of the setting/situation e.g a teacher has situational authority because of school

Question 14

What is the meaning of hedge?

Answer 14

Saying something to reduce impact

Question 15

What is the meaning of referential?

Answer 15

gives information (e.g. Telling them who you are)

Question 16

What is the meaning of phatic speech?

Answer 16

Speech to develop and establish your relationship

Question 17

What is the meaning of transactional speech?

Answer 17

Speech to achieve a purpose

Question 18

What is expressive speech?

Answer 18

Feelings,emotions,opinions

Question 19

What are Henry Sacks’s turn taking rules?

Answer 19

1. Speaker speaks 1 at a time
2. Speaker shouldn’t be interrupted
3. No gap no overlap
4. Current speaker can nominate next speaker,you can self nominate
5. next speaker speaks at Transition Relevance Point (T.R.P)

Question 20

What does TRP stand for?

Answer 20

Transition Relevance Point

Question 21

What is an adjacency pair?

Answer 21

1st speaker initiates (e.g asks a question) and 2nd speaker completes with appropriate pair (replies to question)

Question 22

Which maxim is adjacency pair similar to?

Answer 22

Turn taking

Question 23

What is the meaning of a topic drift?

Answer 23

A conversation changing topics

Question 24

What may not cause a topic drift?

Answer 24

A serious conversation

Question 25

What must speakers do to show cooperation?

Answer 25

Talk topically- speaker must talk topically with the previous utterances

Question 26

What is it called when you go back to a previous dismissed topic in a conversation?

Answer 26

Topic loop

Question 27

What are Grice's maxims?

Answer 27

1. Maxim of Quality-speaker shouldn’t lie 2. Maxim of Quantity-contributions should informative(not too much/little) 3. Maxim of Relevance-related to topic 4. Maxim of Manner-contributions should be easily understood(perspicacious)

Question 28

Politeness theory:what is the meaning of positive face?

Answer 28

Your Image or ability that you want to share with others

Question 29

Politeness theory:what is the meaning of negative face?

Answer 29

Your right to self determination ( doing something you want to do)

Question 30

Politeness theory:what is the meaning of a positive face threatening act?

Answer 30

Saying something negative about someone image or ability e.g “your ugly”

Question 31

Politeness theory:what is the meaning of a negative face threatening act?

Answer 31

Saying something which will affect the person rights e.g “get out of my classroom” when they haven’t done anything wrong is a negative face threatening act

Question 32

Leechs maxims of politeness:What are the meanings of the Tact Maxim, the Generosity Maxim and the Approbation Maxim?

Answer 32

Tact Maxim-minimize cost to others and maximize benefit to others Generosity Maxim-minimize benefit to self and maximize cost to self Approbation Maxim-minimize dispraise to others and maximize praise to others

Question 33

Leechs maxims of politeness:What are the meanings of the Modesty Maxim and the Agreement Maxim?

Answer 33

Modesty Maxim-minimize praise to self and maximize praise to others Agreement Maxim-minimize disagreement between self and others and maximize agreement between self and others

Question 34

What are Lakoff’s Maxims of Politeness?

Answer 34

1. Don’t impose(force) 2. Give options 3. Make the listener feel good

Question 35

Which 2 theorists proposed Face Theory?

Answer 35

Brown and Levinson

Question 36

We don’t “start” adjacency pairs. Which verb do we use instead of “start”?

Answer 36

Initiate

Question 37

If we break a Maxim on purpose, we haven’t broken it we have _____ it

Answer 37

Flouted

Question 38

What do we call it when 2 people are speaking at the same time?

Answer 38

Simultaneous speech

Question 39

What kind of authority do teachers have?

Answer 39

Institutional authority

Question 40

How many turn taking rules are there?

Answer 40

5

Question 41

How many Grice Maxims are there?

Answer 41

4

Question 42

What are the names for Grice’s Maxims?

Answer 42

Maxim of Quality Maxim of Quantity Maxim of Relevance Maxim of Manner

Question 43

How many Leech’s Maxims of Politeness is there and what are they called?

Answer 43

5: Tact Maxim Generosity Maxim Approbation Maxim Modesty Maxim Agreement Maxim

Question 44

How many of Lakoff’s Maxims of Politeness is there?

Answer 44

3