Speech Flashcards
What is it called when you change what you say to something better?
False start
What is the name for this: (.)
Micro pause
Utterances such as “um” and “er” and “I mean” are called what?
Fillers
Speech tends to have pauses so it is_____
Spontaneous
Questions like “Y’know” are called____
Tag questions
Why do we use tag questions?
To look for support or a minimum response
What does pragmatics mean?
The way language changes according to context
What does sociolinguistics mean?
Link between language and relationship e.g the powerful person tends to control topic
What is suprasegmentals?
Pitch, pace, volume, stress
What does an upwards arrow mean in a text?
Rising intonation
What is the meaning of a taboo?
The rules (not law) of society
Who has institutional authority?
Parents, teachers and the police
What is situational authority?
Someone having more power because of the setting/situation e.g a teacher has situational authority because of school
What is the meaning of hedge?
Saying something to reduce impact
What is the meaning of referential?
gives information (e.g. Telling them who you are)
What is the meaning of phatic speech?
Speech to develop and establish your relationship
What is the meaning of transactional speech?
Speech to achieve a purpose
What is expressive speech?
Feelings,emotions,opinions
What are Henry Sacks’s turn taking rules?
- Speaker speaks 1 at a time
- Speaker shouldn’t be interrupted
- No gap no overlap
- Current speaker can nominate next speaker,you can self nominate
- next speaker speaks at Transition Relevance Point (T.R.P)
What does TRP stand for?
Transition Relevance Point
What is an adjacency pair?
1st speaker initiates (e.g asks a question) and 2nd speaker completes with appropriate pair (replies to question)
Which maxim is adjacency pair similar to?
Turn taking
What is the meaning of a topic drift?
A conversation changing topics
What may not cause a topic drift?
A serious conversation
What must speakers do to show cooperation?
Talk topically- speaker must talk topically with the previous utterances
What is it called when you go back to a previous dismissed topic in a conversation?
Topic loop
What are Grice’s maxims?
- Maxim of Quality-speaker shouldn’t lie
- Maxim of Quantity-contributions should informative(not too much/little)
- Maxim of Relevance-related to topic
- Maxim of Manner-contributions should be easily understood(perspicacious)
Politeness theory:what is the meaning of positive face?
Your Image or ability that you want to share with others
Politeness theory:what is the meaning of negative face?
Your right to self determination ( doing something you want to do)
Politeness theory:what is the meaning of a positive face threatening act?
Saying something negative about someone image or ability e.g “your ugly”
Politeness theory:what is the meaning of a negative face threatening act?
Saying something which will affect the person rights e.g “get out of my classroom” when they haven’t done anything wrong is a negative face threatening act
Leechs maxims of politeness:What are the meanings of the Tact Maxim, the Generosity Maxim and the Approbation Maxim?
Tact Maxim-minimize cost to others and maximize benefit to others
Generosity Maxim-minimize benefit to self and maximize cost to self
Approbation Maxim-minimize dispraise to others and maximize praise to others
Leechs maxims of politeness:What are the meanings of the Modesty Maxim and the Agreement Maxim?
Modesty Maxim-minimize praise to self and maximize praise to others
Agreement Maxim-minimize disagreement between self and others and maximize agreement between self and others
What are Lakoff’s Maxims of Politeness?
- Don’t impose(force)
- Give options
- Make the listener feel good
Which 2 theorists proposed Face Theory?
Brown and Levinson
We don’t “start” adjacency pairs. Which verb do we use instead of “start”?
Initiate
If we break a Maxim on purpose, we haven’t broken it we have _____ it
Flouted
What do we call it when 2 people are speaking at the same time?
Simultaneous speech
What kind of authority do teachers have?
Institutional authority
How many turn taking rules are there?
5
How many Grice Maxims are there?
4
What are the names for Grice’s Maxims?
Maxim of Quality
Maxim of Quantity
Maxim of Relevance
Maxim of Manner
How many Leech’s Maxims of Politeness is there and what are they called?
5:
Tact Maxim
Generosity Maxim
Approbation Maxim
Modesty Maxim
Agreement Maxim
How many of Lakoff’s Maxims of Politeness is there?
3
