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English Language > Language And Social Class > Flashcards

Language And Social Class Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Henri Tajfel’s social identity theory:what does Henri spilt the world into?

A

In groups and out groups (them and us)

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2
Q

What is Henri Tajfel’s social identity theory?

A

We exaggerate the difference when it comes to dialect and categorise ourselves into particular groups

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3
Q

What are indicators of social class?

A

Household income, own property or rent it, whether you have savings, kinds of people you mix with, cultural activities you engage in

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4
Q

What is prestige variety?

A

Posh, associate it with success

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5
Q

What is stigmatized variety?

A

Not posh

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6
Q

What is R.P?

A

Received Pronunciation, doesn’t have a place linked to it

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7
Q

What are the symbols for regional accent?

A

/ae/

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8
Q

Prestige accent is ______________

A

Sounds and noises

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9
Q

Prestige dialect is ______________

A

Words and grammar

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10
Q

What words associate with overt prestige?

A

Intelligence,education,achievement

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11
Q

What words associate with covert prestige?

A

Toughness,rebellious,pride (value for bad things)

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12
Q

Who proposed overt and covert prestige?

A

William labov

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13
Q

What varieties do educated middle class people tend to use?

A

R.P accent, standard English dialect

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14
Q

Who argues that weak groups are obliged to use the language of strong groups?

A

Louis Althusser

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15
Q

Middle class varieties are:

A

Overt prestige(wealth,sophistication,power,ect)
And covert stigma(effete,weakness,snobbery,selfishness)

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16
Q

Working class varieties are:

A

-Overt
stigma(poverty,simplicity,uneducated)

-Covert prestige(toughness,physical reliability)

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17
Q

What is prescriptivism?

A

Say what language should be like

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18
Q

What is descriptivism?

A

Say what language is actually like rather than what It should be like

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19
Q

Are you a descriptivist or a prescriptivist?

A

Descriptivist

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20
Q

What did prescriptivists want you to do?

A

Use middle class English (they will correct you into standard English and RP-like form)

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21
Q

What did Alan Ross talk about?

A

Middle class and genuine upper class

22
Q

What did Alan Ross not talk about?

A

Working class or lower class people

23
Q

Allan Ross:What are the symbols for middle class and upper class?

A

Non-u=middle class
U=upper class

24
Q

Allan Ross:Middle class may attempt to sound like they’re from a higher class,what’s it called when you say a word that gives you away?

A

Shibboleth

25
Q

Allan Ross:Middle class speakers wrongly choose_______ or ________ words over words they believe associated with working class

A

Pretentious or euphemistic

26
Q

Allan Ross:Give 2 example of words that people may think arent posh but they are.

A

Jam is posh, preserve isn’t
“What?” Is posh rather than “pardon?”

27
Q

What did Basil Bernstein(sociolinguist)notice?

A

That working class kids were underachieving in history and English unlike middle class kids(but not science and maths)

28
Q

Basil Bernstein:What do working class kids language tend to be?

A

Implicit-you need to be there to understand it

29
Q

Basil Bernstein:What do middle class language tend to be?

A

Explicit-you don’t need to be there to understand it

30
Q

Bernstein talks about 2 things,what are they?

A

Restricted and elaborated code

31
Q

Bernstein:What is restricted code?

A

Kind of language you use with family and friends in an informal setting, it’s implicit

32
Q

Basil Bernstein:What is elaborated code?

A

Far more explicit
(use it for people we don’t know very well)

33
Q

Basil Bernstein:What does elaborated code not rely on?

A

doesn’t rely on assumptions about the audience

34
Q

Basil Bernstein:What can middle class speakers do?

A

Switch between restricted and elaborated code

35
Q

What did Bernstein claim?

A

Both codes are good in the right place

Restricted code- lots of info in a few words

Elaborated code-much more explicit,l out more detail

36
Q

Basil Bernstein:Who uses restricted code?

A

All families (working class speakers tend to only use restricted code)

37
Q

Basil Bernstein:What do schools operate in?

A

Elaborate code

38
Q

Basil Bernstein:What does elaborate code not effect?

A

Maths and science

39
Q

Basil Bernstein:Who are at a higher advantage for using elaborated code?

A

Middle class

40
Q

What is a criticism of Basil Bernstein research?

A

He never found a speaker who couldn’t use elaborated code at all

41
Q

Peter Trudgill’s Norwich study: what do the people who live Norwich generally not pronounce?

A

They generally g-drop

42
Q

Peter Trudgill:What do the people in Norfolk generally pronounce?

A

They g-pronounce

43
Q

What did Peter Trudgill study?

A

He studied Norwich speech (1970s) to find out why and how peoples accents varied

44
Q

What certain letters did Peter Trudgill study?

A

He Studies the final consonant in words like “runnING” and “walkING”

45
Q

Peter trudgill:The sound spelled “ng” is a ______

A

Velar nasal /ɲ/

46
Q

Peter trudgill: In Norwich, they say “walkin”,”talkin”, what’s the symbol for missing the g dropping?

A

Alveolar nasal /n/

47
Q

What are the 5 social classes Trudgill divided people into based on neighborhood, education,occupation?

A

Lower working class
Lower middle class
Middle working class
Upper middle class
Upper working class

48
Q

Trudgill:What are the statistics of people using the velar nasal /ɲ/?

A

0%-1/3 lower class
1/3-100% upper class

49
Q

Trudgill:what is something everyone can do in terms of g-pronouncing or dropping?

A

Everyone can style shift

50
Q

Trudgill:what is there a direct correlation of

A

Direct correlation between higher class and g-pronounce

51
Q

Trudgill:what is there a inverse correlation of?

A

Inverse correlation between formality and g-dropping (the less formal you are the more likely you are to g-drop)

52
Q

What does covert,overt,prestige and stigma mean?

A

Covert=bad value
Overt=good value
Prestige= good
Stigma= bad

English Language (19 decks)

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