Language And Gender Flashcards
What is the difference from sex and gender?
Sex is biological and gender is social
What did Keith and shuttleworth do?
Surveyed beliefs about the difference between men and women’s language
What is Otto Jespersen’s research about?
(1922) He wrote all of his opinions about women’s language
What are the first 4 points of Jespersens beliefs?
1.Women talk a lot
2.Women half finish sentences because they don’t think before speaking
3.Women link sentences with “and” because they’re emotional
4.Women use “pretty” and “cute” to much
What are the last 3 of Jespersen’s beliefs?
5.Women are hyperbolic(dramatic)
6.Women have smaller vocab so more fluent
7.Women avoid “coarse and gross expressions”
What did Robin lakoff try to explain?
How language contributed to women’s lack of power and status in western society
What is the meaning of Tannen-verbal hygiene?
Behaviors that women exhibit but they should stop
Lakoff said that women’s language is what?
Deferential
Lakoff:Who are women deferential to?
Everyone
What did Lakoff say that affects women’s style of speech?
Girls upbringing-women are socialized into using a special style of speech=women’s language
What is a criticism of Lakoffs research?
No imperial research,her opinion,sample she used was people she knew (educated,white women in America so lack of diversity)
What did Lakoff name her ideas about women’s language?
The deference model
How many features are in Lakoffs deference model?
10
What are the names of lakoffs first 5 features that she claimed were typical of women’s speech?
1.hedge
2.super politeness
3.Hypercorrectness
4.Tag questions
5.speaking in Italics
What are the names of lakoffs last 5 features that she claimed were typical of women’s speech
6.Empty adjectives of approval
7.Use of implication
8.special lexicon
9.
10.women have no sense of humor
Who criticises lakoff?
Dubois and Crouch
What did Dubois and crouch study?
Tag questions
What did Dubois and Crouch find in tag questions?
-men use it more that women
-Tag questions show co-operation rather than uncertainty
What is the dominance model?
People response to lakoff’s ideas
(Deference-just lakoff)
What does the dominance model claim?
Men deliberately behave in an uncooperative way when speaking to women to dominate them
What did Zimmerman and west look at?
Turn-Taking
What did Zimmerman and west monitor?
They monitored people’s conversations at their university campus
What 2 kinds of irregularities did zimerman and west look at in turn-taking?
Overlaps
Interruptions
Zimmerman and west: What’s the difference between overlaps and interruptions?
Overlaps is supportive- speaker near the end of TRP
Interruptions is not supportive- speaker not near the end of TRP