Language And Region-Dialect Flashcards
Give an example of words that are specific to a location or country
Cruckle (noun/verb) rochdale use it
“For to” used in Belfast
Ain’t replaces Amn’t because we don’t put 2 nasal sounds together
Regional dialect lexis:How many people use the standard English term “bread roll”?
1/3
Regional dialect lexis:How many people “Barm cake” instead of bread roll?
17% of people
How many people think it’s okay to say “look at them animals”?
77% people
The Manchester dialect: what do people call “chewing gum”?
Chuddy
Manchester dialect: what’s the difference of using pants in Manchester and everywhere else in Britain?
Manchester pants=trouser
Anywhere else pants=underwear
What are some examples of Manchester dialect?
Soz
Do one
Scran
Paul kerswill and Dialect levelling: what does social mobility mean?
People moving around more so you don’t hear your dialect so you choose standard form
Paul kerswill and Dialect levelling: what is one thing that is dying out that reinforces the norm?
Old fashioned communities(tight-knit communities)
The Surrey Dialect: what is the dialect like at Surrey?
People move in to get to london but move out later,Population very diverse so Surrey accent died out
What are some example of The Surrey Dialect?
Bannick(verb)= beat/thrash
Timmersome(adjective)=timid
Made “to be” weak “how be you?”
Grow’d (instead of growed)
Know’d
See’d
Dialect theories: The ______ of your network enforced the norm
Density
People with what networks tend to use more standard English?
Open networks,uniplex connections
Because they rarely hear regional forms used
Which type of people tend to have closed networks?
Men and working class communities
What is The Forest of Dean like?
Rural,small population,people don’t move,small villages
What is the villages like in The Forest of Dean in terms of networks?
Each individual village has very dense networks,uniplex connections
What are some examples of The Forest of Dean?
Dreeon’t=three of us
Ship=sheep
How bist dau but?how are you,mate?
Walkest jumpest
Jennifer Cheshire’s Reading (reading) study:who does Cheshire study?
A group of teenagers in a series of playgrounds
Jennifer Cheshires Reading study:what were the teenagers like?
They were skipping school and committing minor acts of arson(destroying stuff at the park)
Jennifer Cheshire’s Reading study:what does distinctive dress mean?
Distinctive sub-cultures that you can easily spot is what all the teens shared
Jennifer Cheshire’s Reading study:How many non-standard features did Cheshire find in the teens speech?
11
What are 3 non-standard features from Cheshire’s reading study?
Non-standard s “they calls me names”
Non standard copular ”you was with me”
Multiple negation “you ain’t no boss”
Cheshires reading study: who use the 11 non standard features more and by how many?
Boys used 10 of the 11 features more than the girls
Cheshire’s reading study: What did Cheshire discover with the social network and the 11 non standard features?
The “core members” of the social network used 6 of the 11 features a lot(a positive correlation)
Cheshire’s reading study: What does the “Vernacular culture index”mean?
Measurement of how cool you are(so you clothing,hair,carrying a knife),your status
Cheshire’s reading study:What link did Cheshire find with the 11 non standard features and the vernacular culture index(status)?
Some features(non standard s) were closely linked to the high status boys, the low status boys used the features the least
Cheshire’s reading study: what were the girls social groups like and what did this explain?
They were much smaller,it explains why they used the non-standard forms the least (4 features)
Cheshires reading study: The ______ strength _____ did not work for the girls or the ______ _______ index
The network strength score
The vernacular culture index
Cheshires reading study: what did Jennifer divide the girls up into?
“Good girls” and “bad girls”
Cheshires reading study: what did the “bad girls” do?
Shop lift and used the non standard features more than the low status girls
What conclusions were made from the Cheshire study?
Boys use more non-standard forms than girls
Link between social network density+some non standard features
Link between standard forms+social image
What does Emma Moore’s Bolton Study look at?
The language of groups of girls in Bolton
Bolton study:What non standard feature did Emma Moore look at?
Use of non standard “were”
E.g “I were out with Tia last week”
Bolton study What did Emma Moore divide the girls into and what were these groups called?
4 “communities of practice”(only look at 2)
The Eden Valley girls
The townies
Emma Moore’s Bolton study: what does communities of practice mean?
A group of people who share and activity
Part of their group identity is their language
Emma Moore’s Bolton study: what were the Eden Valley girls like?
Lower middle class
School-oriented (like school)
Used standard “was”
Social group was within their village
Emma Moore’s Bolton study: what 2 thing affected the Eden Valley girls language?
Social class and social group(weren’t exposed to people who used the non-standard)
Emma Moore’s Bolton study: what were the townies like?
-2 from upper working class 2 from lower middle class
-take drugs and sexual activity
-Use non standard were a lot
-took part in rebellious social practices ,Hung out with boys
Emma Moore’s Bolton study: what 2 thing affected the townies language?
Class(lower middle class) and social network
What is the matched Guise Experiments?
1 actor speaking in 2 different guises (varieties)
Matched Guise Experiments(1975)What did Howard Giles find with the R.P accent and the Birmingham accent?
The R.P variety sounded more smarter and convincing
What was Dixon,Mahoney and Cocks’s Matched Guise Experiment on?
Accents of guilt(recorded a fake police interview)
What was found in the matched Guise Experiment-accents of guilt?
The Brummy speaker sounded more guilty
What did Howard Giles survey of English accent reveal (prejudices)?
Birmingham english least like variety
Rural varieties (Somerset) seen positively
RP=prestige,Intelligent,cold
Northern accents=honest,generous
