specific phobias

Question 1

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 1

a holistic, interdisciplinary framework for understanding the human experience in terms of the influence of biological, psychological, and social factors

Question 2

Biological factors

Answer 2

internal, genetic, and/or physiologically based factors (genetics,medication)

Question 3

Psychological factors

Answer 3

internal factors relating to an individual’s mental processes, including their cognition, affect, thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes

Question 4

Social factors

Answer 4

external factors relating to an individual’s interactions with others and their external environment, including their relationships and community involvement

Question 5

Specific phobia 

Answer 5

diagnosable anxiety disorder that is categorised by excessive and disproportionate fear when encountering or anticipating the encounter of a particular stimulus

Question 6

biological factors examples

Answer 6

GABA dysfunction
LPT

Question 7

psychological factors examples

Answer 7

classical conditioning
operant conditioning
cognitive bias
- memory bias
- catastrophic thinking

Question 8

social factors example

Answer 8

environmental triggers
stigma

Question 9

GABA

Answer 9

main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. regulates postsynaptic activation in neural pathways, preventing overexcitation and uncontrolled firing

Question 10

GABA dysfunction

Answer 10

insufficient neural transmission or reception of GABA in the body. may cause someone’s flight-or-fight-or-freeze or anxiety response to be activated more easily. recurrent stress responses to specific stimuli can lead to the development of a phobia

Question 11

Long term potentiation

Answer 11

long-lasting and experience-dependent strengthening of synaptic connections that are regularly coactivated. contributes to the development of phobias by strengthening the association between neural signals involved in perceiving a stimulus and neural signals involved in activating the fear response

Question 12

classical conditioning what kind of factor

Answer 12

precipitating factors (makes phobia more likely to develop

Question 13

Precipitating factors

Answer 13

increase the susceptibility to and contribute to the occurrence of developing a specific phobia

Question 14

operant conditioning what kind of factor

Answer 14

perpetuating

Question 15

Perpetuating factors

Answer 15

inhibit a person’s ability to recover from a specific phobia
(reinforces phobia)

Question 16

cognitive bias

Answer 16

predisposition to think about and process information in a certain way

Question 17

memory bias

Answer 17

 a type of cognitive bias caused by inaccurate or exaggerated memory

Question 18

catastrophic thinking

Answer 18

cognitive bias in which a stimulus or event is predicted to be far worse than it actually is

Question 19

Specific environmental triggers

Answer 19

stimuli or experiences in a person’s environment that evoke an extreme stress response, leading to the development of a phobia.
- direct confrontation with a traumatic stimulus or event
- observing another person having a direct confrontation with a traumatic stimulus or event
- learning about a potentially dangerous or traumatic stimulus or event indirectly

Question 20

stigma

Answer 20

 the feeling of shame or disgrace experienced by an individual for a characteristic that differentiates them from others. sense of shame a person might feel about getting professional help for their phobia

Question 21

Specific environmental triggers list

Answer 21

direct confrontation
observation
learning/indirect confrontation