research methods pt 3

Question 1

data

Answer 1

 information used as
part of or generated by an
investigation

Question 2

primary data

Answer 2

data collected first-hand
by a researcher

Question 3

secondary data

Answer 3

data sourced from others’
prior research

Question 4

Quantitative data 

Answer 4

data that is expressed
numerically

Question 5

Qualitative data 

Answer 5

data that is expressed
non-numerically

Question 6

Objective data

Answer 6

factual data that is observed and measured independently
of personal opinion

Question 7

Subjective data

Answer 7

data that is informed by personal opinion, perception, or interpretation

Question 8

Descriptive statistics 

Answer 8

statistics that summarise,
organise, and describe data

Question 9

Measures of central
tendency

Answer 9

descriptive
statistics that summarise
a data set by describing
the centre of the
distribution of the data set
with a single value

Question 10

Mean 

Answer 10

 a measure of
central tendency that
describes the numerical
average of a data set,
expressed as a single value

Question 11

Outlier

Answer 11

 a value that
differs significantly from
other values in a data set

Question 12

Median

Answer 12

 a measure of
central tendency that is
the middle value in a data
set ordered from lowest
to highest

Question 13

Mode 

Answer 13

a measure of
central tendency that is the
most frequently occurring
value in a data set

Question 14

Measures of variability 

Answer 14

statistics that summarise
and describe the spread
and distribution of a
data set

Question 15

Range

Answer 15

 a measure of
variability that is a value
obtained by subtracting
the lowest value in a data
set from the highest value

Question 16

Standard deviation

Answer 16

a measure of variability,
expressed as a value that
describes the spread of
data around the mean

Question 17

Accuracy

Answer 17

how close a
measurement is to the
true value of the quantity
being measured

Question 18

True value

Answer 18

 the value, or
range of values, that would
be found if the quantity
could be measured
perfectly

Question 19

Precision

Answer 19

how closely a
set of measurement values
agree with each other

Question 20

Systematic errors

Answer 20

errors in data that differ
from the true value by a
consistent amount

Question 21

Random errors

Answer 21

 errors in data that are unsystematic and occur due to chance

Question 22

Uncertainty

Answer 22

the lack of
exact knowledge relating
to something being
measured due to potential
sources of variation in
knowledge

Question 23

Repeatability

Answer 23

the extent
to which successive
measurements or studies
produce the same results
carried out under
identical conditions

Question 24

Reproducibility

Answer 24

the extent to which
successive measurements
or studies produce
the same results when repeated under
different conditions

Question 25

Validity

Answer 25

 the extent to
which psychological tools
and investigations truly
support their findings
or conclusions

Question 26

Internal validity

Answer 26

the extent to which
an investigation truly
measures or investigates
what it claims to

Question 27

external validity

Answer 27

the extent to which the
results of an investigation
can be applied to similar
individuals in different
settings