Specific Immunity

Question 1

What’s an antigen?
What are the types?

Answer 1

Anything that triggers an immune response

1. Complete Antigen
2. Haptens = incomplete proteins
3. Self Antigens

Question 2

What is a complete antigen?
What is the most powerful?

Answer 2

Anything that can trigger an immune response by itself & meet 2 characteristics.

1. Immunogenicity
   > ability to stimulate proliferation of specific lymphocytes (B&T cells) and Ab production
2. Reactivity
   > ability to react w/ activated lymphocytes & Ab

Most powerful = PROTIEN
Others: nucleic acid, fats, polysaccharides
==> Larger molecules

Question 3

What are Haptens?

Answer 3

Incomplete antigens that can only trigger an immune response when linked with one of your own proteins.

Sensitivities or allergies that occur over time

Question 4

How do you identify a self- antigen?

Answer 4

MHC proteins= Majorhistocompatability Complex

Class 1 = body cell
Class 2 = APC

Question 5

What are the 3 cell lines in the adaptive immune response? What are the subtypes?

Answer 5

2 Lymphocytes
- T-cells
- B-cells
APC= Antigen Presenting Cells
- Macrophages
- Langerhan cells
- Activated B cells

Question 6

IgG

Answer 6

80% of Ab
- small mw
- cross blood vessels
- interstitial fluid
- cross placenta
- triggers the complement system

Question 7

IgG

Answer 7

80% of Ab
- small mw
- cross blood vessels
- interstitial fluid
- cross placenta
- triggers the complement system
- produced during secondary immune response
(2nd exposure)

Question 8

IgM

Answer 8

5-10 % of Ab
- Restricted to the blood plasma because of ⬆️ mw
- 1st Ab produced
( produced during 1st exposure/ primary immune response)

Question 9

IgA

Answer 9

10-15% of Ab
Secretory
- milk
- sweat
- saliva
- mucus

Question 10

IgD

Answer 10

0.2 % of Ab
-Cell surface receptors on Memory B- cells
-Memory Bound

Question 11

IgE

Answer 11

0.002% of Ab
Receptors on Mast cells & Basophils
These cells produce HISTAMINES —> Allergies
—> Inflammation

Question 12

What are structures related in humoral and cell mediated immunity?

Answer 12

Humeral immunity = B- cells & Antibodies
Cellular immunity = T- cells

Question 13

What do T4 helper cells bind to?
What do they release & what does that do?

Answer 13

T4 helper cells bind to infected APC which have an Ag next to class 2 MHC.

T4 helper cells release Lymphokines:
- ⬆️ mitosis of Activated B- cells
( ⬆️ plasma cells, Ab, & memory cells)
- ⬆️ inflammation
- Wall off infection 🧱
**Activate T8 Cytotoxic Cells
**Activate B cells

Question 14

What do T8 Cytotoxic T cells do & what do they bind to? What’s the point of this?

Answer 14

T8 cytotoxic T cells bind to infected body cells which have Ag and class 1 MHC

After Bind:
- produced cytotoxic enzymes
- destroy body cell membrane
- body cell swell and lyse
- prevent pathogen from using body cell’s machinery (ribosomes) to replicate

Question 15

Activation of B lymphocytes?

Answer 15

Clonal Selection
1. Ag selects receptors on
B-cell
2. Phagocytosis of Ag by B-cell
3. Stimulates mitosis of B-cell
Cloning receptors

=> primary immune response