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Biol > Lymphatic system > Flashcards

Lymphatic system Flashcards

General (Lecture 8)

1
Q

What structures make up the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymph
  2. Lymphatic Vessels
  3. Tissues
  4. Supporting Organs
    - Spleen
    - Thymus
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2
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Manage Fluids
  2. Fat Transport
    - Lacteals absorb fats
    directly to lymphatic
    system
  3. Defense/ Protection
    - phagocytic cells
    - WBC
    - antibodies
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3
Q

Lymphatic Vessel charcteristics

A
  • One way
  • Start as Blind Pouch
  • Valves
  • Highly (↑) Permeable
  • Simple Squamous Endothelium
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4
Q

Lymphedema

A

= blockage of lymph flow
- lymphatic system isn’t doing it job
- Causes:
- tumors
- parasites
- surgery
- edema on both sides
→ Systemic condition
- edema on one side
→ Blockage

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5
Q

What flows into the lymphatic vessels?
Is it good or bad?

A

Good:
- Fluid
- Proteins
- Cells (WBC/ phagocytic but also cancer cells)
Bad:
- viruses
- bacteria
- cancer cells
(causes spread of cancer –> metastatic)

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6
Q

What allows lymph to flow (movement of fluid) ?

A

Skeletal Muscle Pump
Respiratory Pump
Pulse of the Artery
Valves

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7
Q

Organization of lymphatics

A

Lymph Capillaries
↓↓↓
Collecting Vessels
↓↓↓
Lymphatic Trunks
↓↓↓
Lymphatic Ducts
↓↓↓
Venous veins (Subclavian veins)

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8
Q

What are the 9 lymphatic trunks and what do they drain?

A

Jugular Trunks (R / L)
- head, neck, face
Subclavian Trunks (R / L)
- upper extremities
Bronchomediastinal Trunks (R / L)
- thoracic organs
Lumbar Trunks (R / L)
- lower extremities
Intestinal Trunks (Singular)
- abdominal organs

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9
Q

What are the lymphatic ducts and how much of the body do they drain?

A

Right Lymphatic Duct
( 1/3 ≈ 33 %)
Thoracic Duct
( 2/3 ≈ 67 %)

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10
Q

What trunks drain into the Right Lymphatic Dact and where does that drain?

A

R Jugular Trunk
R Suclavian Trunk
R Bronchomediastinal Trunk
—-> Right Subclavian Vein

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11
Q

What drains into the Thoracic duct

A

L Jugular Trunk
L Subclavian Trunk
L Bronchomediastinal Trunk

Cisterna Chyli
- R + L Lumbar Trunks
- Intestinal Trunk

—-> Left Subclavian Vein

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Elephantiasis

A

tropical disease where lymphatics are clogged with parasitic round worms
- typically lower extremity and scrotum swell
- parasite enters foot → why affect lower extremity

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14
Q

What cells are found in the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymphocytes
    • T- Lymphocytes (cellular immunity)
    • B- Lymphocytes (humoral immunity)
  2. Macrophages
    • phagocytosis
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15
Q

What tissue type is found with in the lymphatic system?

A

= Reticular (Loose) CT
Cells are found in the pockets left by the mesh network of reticular fibers

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16
Q

What are the levels of organization you will find lymphatic tissue?

A
  1. Diffuse Tissue
    - found in most Organs
    - non-encapsulated
  2. Nodules / Follicles
    - non-encapsulated
    - ex: “Peyer’s Patches”
17
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs (tissue)?

A

Red Bone Marrow
Thymus Gland

18
Q

What are the secondary lymphatic organs (tissue)?

A

Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic nodules

19
Q

What are lymphatic organs?

A

Encapsulated diffuse lymphoid tissue and follicles

20
Q

Lymph Node structure

A
  • 2.5 cm bean
  • Capsule exterior = fibrous dense CT
  • Trabeculae interior, capsule extension dividing the cortex into lobes
  • Hilus (concave side of the node)
  • 2 distinct regions
    Cortex: superficial region with nodules that have proliferation center that produce B cells

Medulla: deeper region, that has T cells (& B cells) in tightly packed strands called medullary cords

21
Q

What is the pathway of lymph through the lymph node?

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels
↓↓↓
Subcapsular sinus
↓↓↓
Trabecular sinus
↓↓↓
Medullary sinus
↓↓↓
Efferent lymphatic vessel

22
Q

What is the Afferent to Efferent lymphatic vessel ratio and why?

A

There are many afferent lymphatic vessels entering a lymph node.
Only 1 efferent lymphatic vessel exiting a lymph node at the Hilus
Purpose:
To slow the flow of lymph to allow for the lymphocytes to inspect the lymph for pathogens

23
Q

What are the 3 kinds of lymph nodes you are responsible for knowing and locating?

A
  1. Cervical
    - moniter head, neck &
    face
  2. Axillary
    - monitor flow from
    arm
    - taken out in breat
    mastectomy
  3. Inguinal
    - moniter legs
24
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

To filter lymph as transported back to blood
- Phagocytes remove debris
- Lymphocytes monitor lymph as passes for antigens

25
Q

What is the largest lymph organ?

A

Spleen
- site of lymphocyte proliferation
- stores breakdown products of RBC for recycling (Fe)

26
Q

What are the 2 parts of the spleen?

A

White Pulp
Red Pulp

27
Q

White pulp
What is it?
What is it made of?
Where is it found?
Function?

A

Islands of Lymphocytes and Reticular fibers that surround the branches off the splenic artery
Function:
Immune surveillance

28
Q

Red Pulp
What will you find in it?
Function(s)?

A

RBCs and macrophages
contain Splenic Cords = regions of reticular fibers rich in macrophages

Function:
- breakdown of old RBC & pathogens
- stores platelets
- erythropoiesis during fetal life

29
Q

Thymus

A
  • functions first 10 yrs life
  • degenerates w/ age & replaced w/ fat
  • role development of T-cells (cell mediated immunity)
  • Hormone Production:
    • Thymosin
    • thymopoietin
30
Q

What are tonsils?
Types and locations

A

rings/ clusters of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx (throat)
1. Palatine Tonsils
- back of throat
2. Lingual Tonsils
- base of tongue
3. Pharyngeal Tonsils (adnoids)
- back of nose (nasopharynx)
4. Tubal Tonsils
- around opening of Eustachian tube
- goes to middle ear

Biol (28 decks)

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