Lymphatic system Flashcards

General (Lecture 8)

1
Q

What structures make up the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymph
  2. Lymphatic Vessels
  3. Tissues
  4. Supporting Organs
    - Spleen
    - Thymus
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2
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Manage Fluids
  2. Fat Transport
    - Lacteals absorb fats
    directly to lymphatic
    system
  3. Defense/ Protection
    - phagocytic cells
    - WBC
    - antibodies
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3
Q

Lymphatic Vessel charcteristics

A
  • One way
  • Start as Blind Pouch
  • Valves
  • Highly (↑) Permeable
  • Simple Squamous Endothelium
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4
Q

Lymphedema

A

= blockage of lymph flow
- lymphatic system isn’t doing it job
- Causes:
- tumors
- parasites
- surgery
- edema on both sides
→ Systemic condition
- edema on one side
→ Blockage

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5
Q

What flows into the lymphatic vessels?
Is it good or bad?

A

Good:
- Fluid
- Proteins
- Cells (WBC/ phagocytic but also cancer cells)
Bad:
- viruses
- bacteria
- cancer cells
(causes spread of cancer –> metastatic)

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6
Q

What allows lymph to flow (movement of fluid) ?

A

Skeletal Muscle Pump
Respiratory Pump
Pulse of the Artery
Valves

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7
Q

Organization of lymphatics

A

Lymph Capillaries
↓↓↓
Collecting Vessels
↓↓↓
Lymphatic Trunks
↓↓↓
Lymphatic Ducts
↓↓↓
Venous veins (Subclavian veins)

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8
Q

What are the 9 lymphatic trunks and what do they drain?

A

Jugular Trunks (R / L)
- head, neck, face
Subclavian Trunks (R / L)
- upper extremities
Bronchomediastinal Trunks (R / L)
- thoracic organs
Lumbar Trunks (R / L)
- lower extremities
Intestinal Trunks (Singular)
- abdominal organs

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9
Q

What are the lymphatic ducts and how much of the body do they drain?

A

Right Lymphatic Duct
( 1/3 ≈ 33 %)
Thoracic Duct
( 2/3 ≈ 67 %)

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10
Q

What trunks drain into the Right Lymphatic Dact and where does that drain?

A

R Jugular Trunk
R Suclavian Trunk
R Bronchomediastinal Trunk
—-> Right Subclavian Vein

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11
Q

What drains into the Thoracic duct

A

L Jugular Trunk
L Subclavian Trunk
L Bronchomediastinal Trunk

Cisterna Chyli
- R + L Lumbar Trunks
- Intestinal Trunk

—-> Left Subclavian Vein

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Elephantiasis

A

tropical disease where lymphatics are clogged with parasitic round worms
- typically lower extremity and scrotum swell
- parasite enters foot → why affect lower extremity

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14
Q

What cells are found in the lymphatic system?

A
  1. Lymphocytes
    • T- Lymphocytes (cellular immunity)
    • B- Lymphocytes (humoral immunity)
  2. Macrophages
    • phagocytosis
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15
Q

What tissue type is found with in the lymphatic system?

A

= Reticular (Loose) CT
Cells are found in the pockets left by the mesh network of reticular fibers

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16
Q

What are the levels of organization you will find lymphatic tissue?

A
  1. Diffuse Tissue
    - found in most Organs
    - non-encapsulated
  2. Nodules / Follicles
    - non-encapsulated
    - ex: “Peyer’s Patches”
17
Q

What are the primary lymphatic organs (tissue)?

A

Red Bone Marrow
Thymus Gland

18
Q

What are the secondary lymphatic organs (tissue)?

A

Lymph Nodes
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic nodules

19
Q

What are lymphatic organs?

A

Encapsulated diffuse lymphoid tissue and follicles

20
Q

Lymph Node structure

A
  • 2.5 cm bean
  • Capsule exterior = fibrous dense CT
  • Trabeculae interior, capsule extension dividing the cortex into lobes
  • Hilus (concave side of the node)
  • 2 distinct regions
    Cortex: superficial region with nodules that have proliferation center that produce B cells

Medulla: deeper region, that has T cells (& B cells) in tightly packed strands called medullary cords

21
Q

What is the pathway of lymph through the lymph node?

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels
↓↓↓
Subcapsular sinus
↓↓↓
Trabecular sinus
↓↓↓
Medullary sinus
↓↓↓
Efferent lymphatic vessel

22
Q

What is the Afferent to Efferent lymphatic vessel ratio and why?

A

There are many afferent lymphatic vessels entering a lymph node.
Only 1 efferent lymphatic vessel exiting a lymph node at the Hilus
Purpose:
To slow the flow of lymph to allow for the lymphocytes to inspect the lymph for pathogens

23
Q

What are the 3 kinds of lymph nodes you are responsible for knowing and locating?

A
  1. Cervical
    - moniter head, neck &
    face
  2. Axillary
    - monitor flow from
    arm
    - taken out in breat
    mastectomy
  3. Inguinal
    - moniter legs
24
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A

To filter lymph as transported back to blood
- Phagocytes remove debris
- Lymphocytes monitor lymph as passes for antigens

25
What is the largest lymph organ?
Spleen - site of lymphocyte proliferation - stores breakdown products of RBC for recycling (Fe)
26
What are the 2 parts of the spleen?
White Pulp Red Pulp
27
White pulp What is it? What is it made of? Where is it found? Function?
Islands of Lymphocytes and Reticular fibers that surround the branches off the splenic artery Function: Immune surveillance
28
Red Pulp What will you find in it? Function(s)?
RBCs and macrophages contain Splenic Cords = regions of reticular fibers rich in macrophages Function: - breakdown of old RBC & pathogens - stores platelets - erythropoiesis during fetal life
29
Thymus
- functions first 10 yrs life - degenerates w/ age & replaced w/ fat - role development of T-cells (cell mediated immunity) - Hormone Production: - Thymosin - thymopoietin
30
What are tonsils? Types and locations
rings/ clusters of lymphoid tissue around the pharynx (throat) 1. Palatine Tonsils - back of throat 2. Lingual Tonsils - base of tongue 3. Pharyngeal Tonsils (adnoids) - back of nose (nasopharynx) 4. Tubal Tonsils - around opening of Eustachian tube - goes to middle ear