Specific CVS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What type of drug is furosemide? What are some of the possible risks of furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic, acting to block sodium absorption from the ascending loop of Henle. Risks: electrolytes disturbances, hypovolaemia, azotemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What situtation is Furosemide typically administered in?

A

Commonly used to treat almost all cases of congestive heart failure, by decreasing preload.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of drug is Spironolactone? What are some of the possible risks of Spironolactone?

A

Potassium sparing diuretic, which acts by blocking aldosterone receptors. Risks: Hyperkalemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What situtation is Spironolactone typically administered in?

A

Often administered as a second line of diuretic with Furosemide to treat congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of drug are thiazides? What are some of the possible risks of thiazides?

A

Diuretic which block sodium resorption from the DCT. Risks: same as furosemide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In the treatment of congestive heart failure, what is a Sequential Nephron Blockade?

A

It refers to using different types of diuretic e.g. Furosemide and Spironolactone/Thiazides, to have maximal diuretic effect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What can you do if a patient becomes refractory to the actions of Furosemide by adapting?

A

Increase dose, increase frequency, introduce another diuretic of a different class (sequential nephron blockade), swap to Torasemide if no choice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of drugs are ACEi? What is the action of ACEi? What are some risks?

A

They are arteriodilators or balanced vasodilators, often used to reduce afterload. They act by blocking production of Angiotensin II. Risks: hypotension, renal underperfusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of drug is Pimobendan? What is the action of Pimobendan?

A

Pimobendan is an inodilator causing positive inotropic effects and vasodilation. It is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and calcium sensitiser.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of drug is Amlodipine? What is the action of Amlodipine? What are some risks?

A

It is a vasodilator, usually used as an anti-hypertensive in cats and dogs. It is a calcium channel antagonist. Risks: Hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In what situations may you want to use Pimobendan? Why?

A

To decrease afterload, as it is a vasodilator, and to enhance systolic function because it is an inotrope.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of drug is Digoxin? What is the action of Digoxin?

A

Digoxin is an inotrope as well as a negative chronotrope (decrease HR). It blocks Na/K ATPase and increase intracellular calcium and vagal tone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some risks of using Digoxin to enhance systolic function? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Narrow therapeutic ration, may create arrhythmias, GIT side effects. Typically given in advanced heart failure or supraventricular arrhythmias.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of drug is Dobutamine? What is the action of Dobutamine? What are some risks of using Dobutamine to enhance systolic function? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Dobutamine is an inotrope, which is a beta agonist. It is used in acute heart failure management in anaesthetised animals. Risks: increased HR, pro-arrhythmia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a possible disadvantage to giving inotropes to patients with heart failure? What is the argument for the use?

A

By increasing contractility, it may decrease myocardial function quicker. It may not make them live longer, however, it should make them feel better.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of drug is Diltiazem? What is the action of Diltiazem? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Diltiazem is a calcium channel antagonist used to enhance diastolic function. It is occasionally used for HCM in cats.

17
Q

What type of drug are Atenolol/Propanolol? What is the action of Atenolol/Propanolol? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

They are beta blockers, which are used to enhance diastolic function by slowly the heart rate. Sometimes used for HCM.

18
Q

What type of drug is Quinidine? What is the action of Quinidine? What are some risks of using Quinidine? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Class IA anti-arrhythmics (blocks voltage dependent sodium channels). Often used for conversion of atrial fibrillation in horses. Risks: GI effects, tachycardia.

19
Q

What type of drug is Lignocaine? What is the action of Quinidine? What are some risks of using Quinidine? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Class IB anti-arrhythmics (blocks voltage dependent sodium channels). Often used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Risks: GI effects, neurological side effects.

20
Q

What type of drug is Vermapil? What is the action of Vermapil? What are some risks of using Vermapil? What situations is it typically administered in?

A

Calcium channel antagonist used to treat supraventricular tachycardias. Risks: Bradycardia

21
Q

What drugs might you use to enhance systolic function?

A

Pimobendan, Digoxin, Dobutamine

22
Q

What drugs might you use to enhance diastolic function?

A

Diltiazam, Propanolol/Atenolol

23
Q

What drugs might you use to optimise cardiac rate and rhythm?

A

Quinidine, Lignocaine, Sotalol, Vermapil, Diltiazem, Digoxin

24
Q

What drugs might you use to reduce preload?

A

Furosemide, spironolactone, thiazides or glyceryl trinitrate (venodilators)

25
Q

What drugs might you use to reduce afterload?

A

Pimobendan, ACEi, Amlodipine, Hydralazine.