Echocardiography Flashcards
Is Echo better at identified type of disease, or signs of disease?
Good at identifying type of disease, but not good for identifying heart failure.
What kind of information can be gained from echo?
Structural (chamber sizes, valve structures, lesions), Functional (Systolic function, diastolic function, valve function e.g. regurgitation, intracardiac pressures)
What is M-mode echocardiography used to look at?
Useful for seeing wall thicknesses, and also good for seeing differences in lumen size between systole and diastole. Produces a time against depth graph.
What is 2D echocardiography?
Used to make tomographic image of heart. (lots of views) - see other flash cards.
What is spectral doppler echocardiography used to look at?
Can measure peak velocities when blood ejected. Makes velocity-time graph.
What is colour flow doppler echocardiography used to look at? What do the colours mean?
Can show turbulent flow in the heart. Blue away from transducer, red towards tranducer (BART), green is turbulent flow.
What is a normal La:Ao short axis in a dog and cat?
Short axis Normal La:Ao in dog = <1.5
What is a normal intraventricular septal diameter and LV free wall diameter in a cat?
< or equal to 6mm
How can you quantify and measure LV systolic function using M-mode?
Fractional shortening: LVDd - LVDs/ LVDd x 100
What is a normal fractional shortening in a cat and a dog?
Dog = 25-50% Cat = 30-50%
What are the potential differential diagnoses for LA dilation?
Volume overload (MVD), systolic dysfunction (DCM), diastolic dysfunction (HCM)
What are the potential differential diagnoses for LV Eccentric hypertrophy?
Volume overload (MVD, left to right shunt), systolic dysfunction (DCM, chronic volume overload)
What are the potential differential diagnoses for LV concentric hypertrophy?
LV pressure overload (aortic stenosis), idiopathic (HCM), systemic hypertension
What are the potential differential diagnoses for RV hypertrophy?
Pressure overload (pulmonic stenosis, pulmonary hypertension)
