Bacterial Endocarditis, CP and EIPH Flashcards
How does Bacterial endocarditis usually occur? Which valves does it affect?
Usually occurs secondary to bacteraemia, it can affect any valve.
How common is bacterial endocarditis in ruminants? How does it usually occur?
Common in Ruminants. Often secondary to liver abscess, joint ill, traumatic reticulitis, mastitis, metritis etc.
Which valves does bacterial endocarditis in ruminants usually affect in ruminants?
Tricuspid and Pulmonic Valves, RV endocardium.
How common is bacterial endocarditis in horses? How does it usually occur?
Less common than in ruminants. Often site of sepsis not found, but quite often due to septic thrombophlebitis due to an iatrogenic septic catheter.
Which valves does bacterial endocarditis in horses usually affect?
Mainly mitral and aortic valves.
What clinical signs might you expect with bacterial endocarditis?
Congestive HF with murmurs, fever, tachycardia, tachypnoea, hyperfibrogenaemia, anaemia, leukocytosis.
How would you diagnose bacterial endocarditis?
Blood culture at 3 different times (ideally when pyrexic)
How do you treat bacterial endocarditis? What is the prognosis?
Broad spec Abx in horses, but usually not economically viable in ruminants. Prognosis is guarded even after culture as you can get permanent damage to valves.
What is Cor Pulmonale, how does it occur?
Cor pulmonale is a cardiopulmonary disease, which is usually secondary to lung dysfunction/pulmonary hypertension.
What is the pathogenesis of Cor Pulmonale?
Any cause leading to alveolar hypoxia (e.g. chronic pulmonary disease, high altitudes), causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension. This leads to RV failure.
What clinical signs would you expect with Cor Pulmonale? What is the prognosis?
Subcut oedema, jugular distension, venous distension, tachypnoea, tachycardia and murmurs. Prognosis usually hopeless unless due to high altitudes.
What is EIPH?
Excercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage.
What is the pathogenesis of EIPH?
Pulmonary haemorrhage during strenuous excercise due to increased pressure on capillaries in excercise. Haemorrhage from pulmonary (not bronchial vessels)
Where in the lungs does EIPH affect most? Why?
Usually caudodorsal lobes, because higher blood flow and greater mechanical flows.
What is the clinical significane of EIPH? What is the prognosis?
Large proportion have some blood in airways after racing, however barely any are very severe. Good prognosis if underlying disease can be found, however not good for idiopathic bleeders with poor performance.
