Specialised Cells Structure (Won't come up on test)

Question 1

Red Blood Cells Structure

Answer 1

Microscopic with a flat disk-like shape, with a small indent in the center. They don’t have a nucleus.

Question 2

White Blood Cells Structure

Answer 2

Colorless tiny round cells with a distinct center nucleus.

Question 3

T Cells Structure

Answer 3

A T cell has a membrane, receptors, a nucleus, and a cytoplasm. The cell has a slightly rounded irregular shape.

Question 3

Sperm Cells Structure

Answer 3

A tail that propels the sperm forward, and a head containing the nucleus, as well as a middle piece containing the mitochondrion.

Question 4

Phagocytes Structure

Answer 4

Has pseudopods that act as arms to grab harmful substances and lysosomes, as well as the Golgi apparatus, nucleus, and mitochondria.

Question 4

Neurons/Nerve Cells Structure

Answer 4

Neurons have a cell body for processing, dendrites for receiving signals, an axon for transmitting signals, a myelin sheath for speed, and axon terminals for passing signals to other cells

Question 5

Skin Cells Structure

Answer 5

Skin cells have a protective membrane, a nucleus for control, a cytoplasm with organelles, and keratin for strength and waterproofing. Desmosomes help them stick together.

Question 6

Muscle Cells Structure

Answer 6

Muscle cells have a membrane for signal reception, cytoplasm for energy, multiple nuclei, myofibrils for contraction, and mitochondria for energy.

Question 7

Egg Cells Structure

Answer 7

Large, centrally located nucleus covered in cytoplasm, with zona pellucida surrounding the cytoplasm, and corona radiata along the edges of the entire cell.

Question 8

How a Red Blood Cell’s Structure Helps

Answer 8

They are small and flexible so they can fit through small spaces and are shaped in a way that maximizes their surface area to absorb oxygen

Question 9

How a T-Cells Structure Helps

Answer 9

T cells have specialized receptors and coreceptors that recognize and respond to specific antigens. Their structure includes signaling molecules and cytoskeletal components that support activation and targeted immune responses.

Question 9

How a White Blood Cell’s Structure Helps

Answer 9

White blood cells have a flexible shape to move through the body, a nucleus to control functions, granules to kill germs, and receptors to find and target threats.

Question 9

How a Sperm Cells Structure Helps

Answer 9

The head contains the nucleus with genetic material and an acrosome that helps penetrate the egg. The midpiece is packed with mitochondria to provide energy, and the tail propels the sperm towards the egg for fertilization.

Question 10

How an Egg Cell Structure Helps

Answer 10

Egg cells are large, round cells with a nutrient-rich cytoplasm that supports early development after fertilization. They have a protective outer layer called the zona pellucida, which helps regulate sperm entry.

Question 11

How a Phagocyte Structure Helps

Answer 11

Phagocytes have flexible cell membranes that engulf and digest pathogens and debris. They contain numerous lysosomes with enzymes to break down ingested materials. Their structure is specialized for seeking out, capturing, and destroying harmful invaders to protect the body.

Question 12

How a Muscle Cell Structure Helps

Answer 12

Muscle cells have a long, cylindrical shape and contain organized bundles of contractile proteins, like actin and myosin, that enable contraction. These cells are packed with mitochondria to provide the energy required for movement

Question 13

How a Skin Cells Structure Helps

Answer 13

Skin cells, or keratinocytes, have a flat, layered structure that forms a protective barrier on the body’s surface. They produce keratin, a tough protein that provides strength and waterproofing.

Question 14

Fat Cell Structure

Answer 14

Fat cells, or adipocytes, have a rounded shape and a large central fat droplet that stores energy. The cell’s cytoplasm and nucleus are pushed to the periphery due to the size of the fat droplet.

Question 15

How a Fat Cells Structure Helps

Answer 15

Fat cells have a round shape and are specialized to store energy in the form of lipids within large fat droplets. Their structure allows them to expand and contract as they store and release energy.

Question 16

How Neurons Structure Helps

Answer 16

Includes a cell body, dendrites, and an axon. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons, while the axon transmits electrical impulses to other neurons or muscles.

Question 17

Epithelial Cell Structure

Answer 17

Epithelial cells are tightly packed together in layers. They have a flat or column-like shape and sit on a supportive basement membrane.

Question 18

How an Epithelial Cell’s Structure Helps

Answer 18

Their structure helps form protective barriers, absorb substances, and secrete fluids.

Question 19

B Cell Structure

Answer 19

B cells have a round shape with a large nucleus and a cell membrane covered in receptors. The inside contains organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

Question 20

How a B Cells Structure Helps

Answer 20

The surface receptors help them recognize and bind to specific antigens and the Golgi Apparatus produces and secretes antibodies.