Circulatory System Flashcards
Function, the flow path through the heart, heart disorders effects, components of blood, different blood types, appropriate types of blood
Blood flow in the heart (Body > Lungs)
Enters through superior/inferior vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary artery > lungs
Blood flow in the heart (Lungs > Body)
Enters through pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta
How do disorders affect the heart function
Heart disorders can significantly impair the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively, which can result in reduced blood flow to vital organs
Plasma
The liquid portion of blood, primarily water, contains dissolved substances like proteins, salts, nutrients, and hormones.
Red Blood Cells
Also known as erythrocytes, these cells carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and transport carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
White Blood Cells
Also known as leukocytes, these cells are a key part of the immune system, defending the body against infections and diseases.
Platelets
Also known as thrombocytes, these tiny cell fragments help clot the blood to stop bleeding.
Different Blood Types
A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, and O-
What determines + or - in blood types
The presence of a Rhesus factor, which is a protein on the surface of blood cells (present: +, absent: -)
Antigens
Antigens are protein molecules found on the surface of red blood cells. They are the same as the blood type. (Eg. Antigen A is on the surface of Blood Type A)
Antibodies
An antibody is a protein component of the immune system that circulates in the blood, recognizes foreign substances like bacteria and viruses, and neutralizes them.
Antigens and Antibodies in Blood Type A
A-Antigen, Anti-B
Antigens and Antibodies in Blood Type B
B-Antigen, Anti-A
Antigens and Antibodies in Blood Type AB
A-antigen, B-Antigen, no antibodies
Antigens and Antibodies in Blood Type O
No antigens, Anti-A, Anti-B
Universal Donor
O-
Universal Recipient
AB+
Donor rules
Negative blood types can donate to any other blood type with the same antigen (or containing the same letter, eg. A- to AB+).
Positive blood types can only donate to other positive blood types containing the same antigen (containing the same letter, eg. A+ to AB+)
O- can transfuse to anything, and O+ can transfuse to any +
Blood Recipient Rules
Negative blood types can only receive from O- and itself, (but AB- can receive from any negative).
Positive blood types can receive from O+ and O-, as well themselves- negative and positive.
