Special Testing Flashcards
1
Q
- Client is supine, with their side being tested at the edge of the table
- Apply a depressive force to the client’s affected shoulder
- With your hand. Hold the client’s wrist and abduct their affected humerus to 10 degrees
- Slowly extend their wrist and fingers
- Fully supinate their forearm then slowly extend their elbow
A
ULTT 2
2
Q
What is ULTT2 for?
A
Median Nerve
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Axillary Nerve
3
Q
Client is supine, with their side being tested at the edge of the table
- Apply a depressive force to the client’s wrist and abduct their affected shoulder
- With your other hand, hold the client’s wrist and abduct their affected humerus to 10 degrees
- Slowly flex their wrist and fingers, and then deviate the wrist to the ulnar side
- Fully pronate their forearm then slowly extend their elbow
Positive Sign:
Recurrence of their shoulder and arm pain
A
ULTT3
4
Q
What is the ULTT3 for?
A
Radial Nerve
5
Q
Client is supine, with their side being tested at the edge of the table
- Apply a depressive force to the client’s affected shoulder
- With your other hand, hold the client’s wrist and abduct their affected humerus to 90 degrees
- Slowly flex their elbow, and then supinate their forearm
- Slowly extend their wrist and fingers and deviate the wrist to the radial side
A
ULTT 4
6
Q
What is ULTT4 testing for?
A
Ulnar Nerve
C8 and T1 Nerve Roots
7
Q
Client supine, with their side being tested at the edge of the table
- Apply a depressive force to the client’s affected shoulder
- With your other hand, hold the client’s wrist and abduct their affected humerus to 110 degrees
- Extend their arm to 10 degrees below the coronal plane and, to 60 degrees of external rotation
- Slowly extend their wrist and fingers
- Fully supinate their forearm then slowly extend their elbow
A
ULTT 1
8
Q
What is ULTT1 for?
A
Medial Nerve
C5,6,7 Nerve Roots
9
Q
Client rotates head to one side
examiner carefully presses down on the head
A
Jacksons
10
Q
what does Jacksons test indicate?
A
NN Root Compression
11
Q
Client supine
Examiner passively takes the head and neck into extension and side flexion
hold for 30 seconds
A
Vertebral Artery
12
Q
what does vertebral artery test indicate?
A
compression of vertebral arteries
13
Q
Client stands with shoulders forward flexed to 90
elbows extended palms up
client closes eyes and holds for 20-30 secs
A
Barres
14
Q
what does Barres indicate?
A
decrease blood flow to brain stem
15
Q
Examiner abdducts clients arm to 90
examiner laterally rotates shoulder slowly
A
Crank
16
Q
What does crank indicate?
A
GH joint dysfunction
previous dislocation
17
Q
Client is seated with arms med rot and forward flexed to 90
examiner graps clients elbow and axially loads the humerus proximal direction
while maintaining load, examiner moves the arm through horizontal add
A
Jerk test
18
Q
what does jerk test indicate?
A
Posterior instability
posterior inferior labral tear
19
Q
client strands with arm by side and shoulder relaxed
examiner grasps clients forearm and pulls distally
A
sulcus sign
20
Q
what does sulcus sign indicate?
A
Inferior instability
GH joint laxity
21
Q
Client stands
examiner forward flexes the arm to 90 and then forcibly med rots the shoudler
A
hawkins kennedyw
22
Q
what does Hawkins Kennedy indicate?
A
Supraspinatus tendinosis
23
Q
Clients arm is forcible fully elevated with arm med rot by examiner
A
Neers
24
Q
at does Neers test indicate?
A
overuse injury to supraspinatus and sometimes biceps
25
Client is supine
* Examiner holds the client’s
wrist and elevates client’s
arm to end range
* Examiner then laterally
rotates the arm and
adducts it into further
elevation with supinated
arm
* Examiner then medially
rotates client’s arm
Supine impingment
26
what does supine impingement test for?
Rotator cuff pathology
GH impingement
27
Client is standing
* Client abducts and laterally
rotates arm to 90’ with
elbow extended and
forearm supinated
* Examiner applies
downward force to arm
Bicep Tension test
28
what does biceps tension test for?
SLAP lesion
29
Client lies supine
* Examiner places one hand
on the back side of the
shoulder
* The other hand holds the
humerus
* Examiner fully abducts arm
* Examiner pushes head of
humerus anteriorly while
other hand rotates
humerus in lateral rotation
Clunk test
30
what does clunk test test for?
Labrum tear
anterior instability
31
Client is asked to perform
abduction of the shoulder
to full ROM
Pain arc
32
what does painful arc test for?
0-15 - Supraspinatus pathology
60-130 - GH joint pathology
170+ - AC joint pathology
33
* Client is standing with test
arm to side
* Examiner passively flexes
elbow to 90’
* With arm in 45’ lateral
rotation, client is asked to
isometrically laterally
rotate arm against
resistance then relax
Dropping sign
34
what does dropping sign test for?
Infraspinatus tear
35
* Client is standing with arm
at the side and elbow
flexed to 90’ and the
humerus medially rotated
to 45’
* Examiner applies a medial
rotation force and client is
asked to resist
Infraspinatus test
36
What does infraspinatus test test for?
infraspinatus tear
37
* Client stands and places
dorsum of the hand
against the midlumbar
spine
* Client then lifts hand away
from back
* If client able to lift hand,
examiner pushes hand
towards back and asks
client to resist
Lift off sign
38
what tests indicate infraspinatus tears?
Infraspinatus test
Dropping sign
39
what does lift of sign indicate?
lesions in subscap
40
* Client is prone or sitting
with the test arm behind
the body so that the hand
is on the opposite side of
the body
* Examiner places index
finger along and under the
medial border of scapula
* Client pushes shoulder
forward then tries to lift
hand away from the back
rhomboid weakness
41
what is a positive result of rhomboid weakness test?
therapists finger is not pushed away from the scapula
42
* Client is standing and
forward flexes arm to 90’
* Examiner applies a
backward force to the arm
Punch out
43
what does punch out test for?
Serratus anterior weakness
44
what is a positive result of punch out test?
shoulder winging
45
* Client stands
* Examiner resists client
forward flexion of the
shoulder with elbow
extended
* First done with arm
supinated then pronated
Speeds
46
what is speeds test indicating?
bicipital tendinitis
tendinosis
47
what is a positive sign of speeds test?
increase tenderness in bicipital groove
48
what is a positive sign of infraspinatus test?
cannot resist
pain
49
* Client's arm is abducted to
90’ with neutral rotation
* Examiner adds resistance
to abduction (pushes down
on arm)
* Client then moves
shoulder to 30’ horizontal
adduction with medial
rotation so thumb points
to the floor
* Examiner adds resistance
to abduction
empty can
50
what does empty can indicate?
tear of supraspinatus muscle/tendon
neuropathy of subscap nerve
51
Client lies prone and places
hand on the opposite
posterior iliac crest
* Client then asked to
extend and adduct the arm
with resistance
Teres minor test
52
what does teres minor test indicate?
teres minor tear
53
Client's elbow flexed to
90’, stabilized against body
and pronated
* Examiner palpates bicipital
tendon
* Examiner resists
supination while client also
laterally rotates the arm
against resistance
yergasons
54
what does yeragsons indicate?
bicipital tendinits
55
* Examiner locates radial
pulse of the client
* Client's head is rotated
towards tested side with
head extended
* Examiner laterally rotates
and extends client arm
* Client takes a deep breath
and holds
Adsonswh
56
what does adsons indicate
TOS ant scalene
57
Examiner palpates client
radial pulse
* Examiner Draws the
client’s shoulder down and
back (extension)
Costoclavicular (military brace)
58
what does Costoclavicular (military brace) indicate?
TOS
59
Same as Adson’s but client
looks in the direction of
untested shoulder
Travelles (halsteads)
60
what does travelles/halstead indicate?
TOS - middle scalene
61
Examiner palpates client’s
radial pulse
* Examiner passively
abducts arm fully
wrights (hyperabduction)
62
what does wrights/hyperabduction test indicate?
TOS - Pec minor
63
* Patient’s arm is
stabilized at elbow with
one hand while other
hand placed at wrist
* Extend elbow
* Apply pressure laterally
at the wrist
Valgus
64
what does valgus indicate?
MCL issues
65
Patient’s arm is
stabilized at elbow with
one hand and the other
is placed at the wrist
* Extend elbow
* Apply pressure medially
at the wrist
Varus
66
* Patient's elbow is flexed
between 60-80 degrees
* Examiner squeezes the
biceps muscle
Bicep squeeze
67
what does varus indicate?
LCL issues
68
what does bicep squeeze indicate?
bicep tendon rupture
69
what is a positive indication of bicep squeeze
forearm doesn't supinate
70
what special tests are used to Lateral Epicondylitis?
Cozens
Mills
Lateral Epicondylitis test
71
* Patient's elbow is
stabilized by examiner's
thumb
* Patient is asked to make
a fist and extend wrist
while examiner resists
action
Cozens
72
* Examiner palpates
lateral epicondyle
* Examiner passively
pronates forearm, flexes
wrist and extends elbow
Mills
73
* Examiner palpates the
medial epicondyle
* Examiner passively
supinates and extends
elbow and wrist
Golfers elbow
74
what does golfers elbow test indicate?
medial epicondylitis
75
what is tennis elbow the layman term for?
Lateral epicondylitis
76
* Client sits with elbow at
90’
* Examiner strongly resists
pronation as elbow is
extended
Pronator teres syndrome
77
what is a positive indication of pronator teres test?
Pain over pronator muscle
tingling in forearm
78
* Client is seated
* Examiner holds client’s
wrist flexed and asks client
to actively extend the
fingers against resistance
Shuck
79
what does shuck test indicate?
Radiocarpal instability
inflammation
80
Client’s forearm is
pronated with hand held in
support by examiner
* Examiner applies an
anterior directed force to
the capitate with axial
compression while
passively moving the wrist
from radial to ulnar
deviation.
lichtmans
81
what does lichtmans indicate
mid carpal instability
82
* Client is asked to make a
fist
* Examiner observes level of
middle knuckle
Murphys sign
83
what does Murphys sigh indicate?
lunate dislocation
84
what is a positive indication of Murphys sign?
If third knuckle is
in line with
second and fourth
knuckle
85
* Client makes a fist with
the thumb inside the
fingers
* Examiner stabilizes
forearm and deviates the
wrist towards the ulnar
side
Finkelstein
86
what dies Finkelstein indicate?
Dequervain tensosynivitis
87
* Examiner holds the client’s
supinated wrist in both
hands and applies a
pressure over the carpal
tunnel for up to 30
seconds
Carpal compression
88
* Client attempts to grasp a
piece of paper between
thumb and index finger
* Examiner attempts to pull
paper away
Froments
89
What does froments indicate?
ulnar nerve paralysis
90
Client is asked to open and
close the hand several
times then to hold it
closed tightly
* Examiner applies pressure
with both thumbs, one
over the radial and other
over ulnar arteries
* Client opens hand
Allen testw
91
what does Allen test indicate?
determines which artery is the major blood supply to the hand
92
Examiner taps the parotid
gland overlying the
masseter muscle
Chvostek
93
what does chvostek indicate?
Facial nerve pathology
94
Patient lies supine
with head in neutral
* Examiner applies an
anterior directed
force through the
spinus processes of
c1-t1
Sagittal Stress
95
What does Saggital stress test indicate?
Hypermobility of C1-T1
96
what are the positive signs of sagittal stress test
Nystagmus
pupil change
nausea
97
Patient lies supine
* Examiner supports
occiput with palm
and fingers
* Index finger placed
between occiput and
C2
* Head and c1 lifted
anterior (held 20 sec)
Transverse ligament
98
what does transverse ligament test indicate
Hypermobile atlantoaxial joint
99
Examiner grips
lamina groove of C2
* Patients head is
passively rotated left
and right
Alar ligament test
100
What does the alar ligament test indicate
Dmg to the alar ligament
101
what is a positive sign for alar ligament?
If 20-30 degrees
of rotation
without
movement of C2
102
what test is performed before crank?
Apprehension
103
* Examiner abducts arm to
90, flex elbow to 90
* Laterally rotate shoulder
slowly
Crank
104
What does crank test indicate
Previous
dislocation
* Labrum dmg
105
Same as Crank*
* Posterior pressure
applied on tested GH jnt
Fowler sign
106
* Client side lying on
unaffected side
* Hand of affected side
resting against lower
back
* Examiner stabilizes
clavicle while pulling
inferior angle of scapula
away from chest wall
Coracoclavicular Ligament test
107
positive sign of corcoclavicular ligament test
Pain anteriorly under clavicle
108
what does Coracoclavicular
Ligament test indicate
Coracoclavicular
Ligament pathology
109
Patient elbow flexed to
90 and stabilized against
body
* Forearm pronated
* Examiner resists
supination and lateral
rotation or the arm
yergasons
110
what does yergasons indicate?
Bicipital tendinitis
111
what tests indicate Tennis elbow?
Cozens
Mills
Lateral epicondylitis
112
Examiner palpates the
medial epicondyle
* Examiner passively
supinates and extends
elbow and wrist
Golfers elbow
113
Examiner stabilizes
client’s tibia and fibula
* Holds client's foot at 20’
plantar flexion
* Draws the talus forward
Anterior drawer
114
what does the anterior drawer test on the ankle indicate
* Dmg to the
ATFL and
deltoid ligament
* ATFL dmg
* Dmg Deltoid
ligament
115
Examiner stabilizes the
client's leg at the distal
tibia and fibula
* Examiner applies a
medial force to the
foot with other hand
Medial subtalar glide
116
what does medial subtler glide indicate?
ankle joint dysfunction
117
Examiner stabilizes the
client’s leg at the
distal tibia and fibula
* Examiner applies a
lateral force with the
other hand on the foot
Cotton test
118
what does cotton test indicate
ankle joint dysfunction
119
what is a positive sign of cotton test?
more that 3-5mm of lateral movement
120
* Client sits on the edge
of the table
* Examiner stabilizes leg
with one hand
* Passively and
forcefully dorsiflexes
the foot
Dorsiflexion manevuer
121
what does dorsiflexion maneuver indicate
ankle joint dysfunction
122
Client lies supine
* Examiner grasps foot
around the
metatarsals
* Squeeze the foot
Mortons
123
what does Mortons indicate?
Mortons neuroma
stress fracture
124
Patient lies prone with
foot over edge of table
* Client actively flexes
knee to 90’
Matles
125
what does Matles indicate?
3rd degree achilles strain
126
what is a positive sign of matles
If foot is in neutral or doriflexed
127
* Client sits with feet off
table
* Examiner palpates the
anterior portion of the
talus with thumbs
* Examiner passively
plantar flexes then
dorsiflexes foot
Swing test
128
what does swing test indicate?
Posterior tibiotalar subluxation
129
* Client lies prone with
feet over edge of table
* While patient relaxed,
examiner squeeze’s calf
muscle
Thompsons
130
what tests are used for achilles tendon?
Thompsons
matles
131
what does Thompsons indicate?
Ruptured achilles
132
what is a positive sign of Thompsons?
Absence of plantar flexion on squeeze
133
Client stands on stool or
chair with toes of edge
* Examiner passively
dorsiflexes big toe
Windlass
134
what does windlass indicate?
plantar fascitis
135
Client lies supine with
knees extended
* Examiner pulls patella
distally and holds
* Client is asked to
contract the quads
Zohlers sign
136
what does zohlers sign indicate?
Chondromalacia patella
137
Client lies supine
* Examiner elevates the
patient’s leg to 45’
* Hold for 3 minutes
Buergers
138
What does buergers indicate
poor arterial blood circulation
139
* Client is supine
* Client's foot is passively
dorsiflexed with the
knee extended
Homans
140
what does homans indicate
DVT
141
Client lies supine, knee
flexed to 90’ with hip
flexion
* Examine applies pressure
with thumb over lateral
femoral epicondyle
* With pressure applied
knee is slowly extended
to 30’ flexion
Nobles
142
what does nobles indicate?
IT band friction syndrome
143
Client is in side lying
position
* Lower leg flexed at the
hip and knee for stability
* Examiner passively
abducts and extends
upper leg
* Examiner slowly lowers
leg while stabilizing hip
Obers
144
what does obers indicate?
IT band contracture
145
Client lies prone
* Examiner passively fully
flexes knee
Elys
146
what does Elys indicate?
Rec fem contracture
147
Patient lies supine
* Examiner places
patient’s leg so that
foot is on top of knee
of opposite leg
* Examine then slowly
lowers the knee of test
leg towards table
Patrick Faber Fig4
148
what does Patrick faber fig4 indicate?
Hip jnt
pathology
* Hip flexor
contractures
149
what is a positive sign of Patrick Fig4 Faber?
Test leg’s knee
remains above the
opposite straight
leg
150
Patient lies supine
* Examiner flexes and
adducts the patient’s
hip towards the
opposite side
Hip Scour
151
what does hip scour indicate?
Hip pathology
152
Client in supine position
* Examiner takes the hip
into full flexion, medial
rotation and full
adduction
* Examiner then fully
extends the hip
combined with lateral
rotation and abduction
posterior labral tear
153
Client in supine position
* Examiner takes the hip into
full flexion, lateral rotation
and full abduction
* Examiner then fully
extends the hip combined
with medial rotation and
adduction
anterior labral tear
154
* Client lies supine with hip
and knee flexed to 90
degrees
* Client is asked to actively
rotate the hip medially
* Client is asked to actively
rotate the hip laterally
Hip Rot tightness
155
Client is asked to stand
* Client is asked to stand on
1 leg
Trendelenburg
156
What does trendelenburg indicate
Weak Glute med
157
what is a positive indication of Trendelenburg
If the pelvis on the lifted leg drops
158
Client lies prone
* Knee bent to 90’
* (Distraction) examiner
stabilizes leg on table
with knee then distracts
while medially and
laterally rotating the
tibia
* (compression) repeat
process with
compression on the
knee
alleys compression/distraction
159
what does Apley’s
Distraction/
Compression indicate
Ligamentous
lesion
* Meniscal injury
160
Client lies supine
* Knee completely flexed
* Examiner medially
rotates tibia as knee is
extended (repeat with
increased rotation)
* Examiner laterally
rotates tibia as knee is
extended
Mcmurrary
161
what does mcmurray indicate
* Dmg to lateral
meniscus
* Dmg to medial
meniscus
162
Client lies supine
* Examiner cups heel of
client
* Knee fully flexed
* Knee passively allowed
to extend
Bounce
163
What does bounce test indicate
torn meniscus
164
what is a positive sign of bounce
If extension not
complete
* Rubbery end feel
165
Examiner presses down
just above the patella with
the web of the hand
* Client is asked to flex
quads to pull patella past
web of hand
* Begin with light pressure
and slowly increase with
every application
* Compare with unaffected
side
Patella grind (Clark’s)
166
what does patella grind indicate?
Patellofemoral syndrome
167
what is a positive sign of Patella grind
If client cannot
maintain
contraction of
quads
* If test causes pain
168
what are the tests for patellofemoral syndrome
Patella grind
Waldrons
169
Examiner palpates the
patella while the client
performs several deep
knee bends
waldrons
170
what does Waldrons indicate
patellofemoral syndrome
171
Client supine, knee
placed in 80-90'
flexion
* Hip flexed to 45’
* Foot placed in 30’
medial rotation
* Examiner sits on
forefoot to stabilize
and then pulls the
tibia forward
slocum
172
what does slocum indicate?
Anteriolateral rotart instability
173
what is a positive sign of slocum?
Movement occurs primarily on the lateral aspect of the knee
174
Client lies supine,
knee flexed to 30’
* With one hand
examiner stabilizes
the femur at the
distal end
* With other hand,
examiner moves
proximal tibia
forward
Lachmans
175
what does lachmans indicate?
Injury to ACL
* Injury to
posterior
oblique
ligament
176
What is a positive sign of Lachlan's?
Abnormal forward motion
177
Client lies supine
* Examiner firmly strikes the
heel of client
Heel strike
178
What does heel strike indicate?
Femoral neck stress fracture
179
* Client lies prone
* Examiner flexes client’s
knee to 90’
* While stabilizing pelvis,
examiner extends
client’s hip
Yeomans
180
what does yeomans indicate?
Lumbar spine dysfunction
SI joint pathology
181
Client stands
* Examiner palpates both
PSIS with thumbs
* Client is asked to stand
on 1 leg while pulling
knee towards chest
Gillets
182
what does Gillets indicate?
Hypomobile SI joint
183
what is a positive sign of Gillets
If the PSIS of lifted
leg moves upward
or moves minimally
184
* Client lies supine
* Examiner applies cross-
armed pressure to the
ASIS
Gapping
185
what does gapping indicate
Sprain of anterior
Sacroiliac ligament
186
What is a positive sign of Gapping
Pain in glutes or posterior leg
187
Client side-lying
* Client pulls lower knee
towards chest and holds
* Examiner stabilizes pelvis
while extending hip of
uppermost leg
Gaenslens
188
what does Gaenslens indicate
SI joint
pathology
* Hip flexor
contracture
189
what is a positive sign of Gaenslens
* Pain at SI joint
* Pain anterior
leg/hip
190
Client lies supine
* Examiner places both
hands on ASIS
* Examiner pushes down
and in at 45’ on ASIS
Squish
191
what does squish indicate
Sprain of posterior sacroiliac joint
192
* Client lies prone
* Examiner stabilizes
pelvis
* Client knee flexed to 90’
* Hip is medially rotated
as far as possible while
palpating SI joint
Hibbs
193
what does hibbs indicate
Hyper/Hypomobile SI joint
SI joint pathology
194
Client is supine
* Examiner places one
hand under each heel
* Client is asked to lift one
leg off the table
Hoover
195
what does hoover indicate
Feigned weakness
limb weakness
196
what is a positive sign on Hoovers
If examiner doesn’t
feel any pressure on
opposite heel
* If examiner feels
increased pressure
under opposite heel
197
Client is supine
* Client hips flexed to 90
with knee in extension
* Client is asked to lower
leg in a slow movement
* Examiner observes
degree at which ASIS
starts to move
Double straight leg lowering
198
what does double straight leg lowering indicate
weak abdominals
199
what are the positive signs for double straight leg lowering
* Normal: 0 to 15
* Good: 16 to 45
* Fair: 46 to 75
* Poor: 75 to 90
* Trace: unable to
hold pelvis in neutra
200
Client lies prone
* Examiner flexes
knee as far as
possible
nachlas
201
what does nachlas indicate
Nerve root lesions/compression
202
* Client in supine
position
* Examiner flexes
hip while
maintaining knee
extended
* If painful, leg
lowered till pain is
relieved
* Dorsiflex foot
* Client flexes neck
Straight leg rise
203
what does Straight leg raise indicate
disk herniation
neurological pathology
204
