Clinical Science D.

Question 1

Your patient is on antibiotics for a urinary tract infection. You hear that she has been admitted to emergency to see if the infection has spread into the bloodstream. What could she be at risk of if the infection has spread to her blood?

Answer 1

Septic Shock

Question 2

What gland(s) is most associated with stress?

Answer 2

Adrenal

Question 3

What receptors are responsible for monitoring skeletal muscle activity levels in the body?

Answer 3

Proprioceptors

Question 4

You visit an elderly patient on a home visit. His ankles are swollen with pitted edema. This symptom is new, and he has not yet seen his doctor about it. What treatment options do you consider for him?

Answer 4

No treatment options, refer to doctor

Question 5

What type of Asthma is triggered by pet dander?

Answer 5

Extrinsic asthma

Question 6

The blood from the right ventricle passes into which one of the following blood vessels?

Answer 6

Pulmonary Trunk

Question 7

You have a patient who is going through aggressive cancer treatment and spends excessive amounts of time in bed due to fatigue. Every time he climbs the staircase to use the washroom, he is out of breath. What is compromised?

Answer 7

Cardiac reserve

Question 8

You have an older patient who is on blood thinners to prevent deep vein thrombosis. He had a hard fall on his elbow while out walking. What symptoms are you likely to see?

Answer 8

Excessive hemorrhaging and bruising

Question 9

You have a patient who has been gaining weight each time you see him and, as a result, is experiencing a spike in his blood pressure each time you check it. What is the physiological reason for this?

Answer 9

Greater blood vessel length as a result of excess adipose tissue

Question 10

Yellow skin discoloration, also called jaundice, is most commonly a dysfunction of what organ?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Congestive heart failure is caused by an excess backup of blood in the heart. What is most directly responsible for this?

Answer 11

after load

Question 12

What is the extra amount of air that can be inhaled during one deep breath?

Answer 12

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 13

Which bulk flow pressure also defines blood pressure?

Answer 13

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

What kind of hypoxia is related to altitude sickness?

Answer 14

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Question 15

What is Hypoxic Hypoxia?

Answer 15

means the hypoxia is due to a lack of oxygen in the inhaled air. At high altitudes, there is less oxygen and, therefore, can lead to hypoxic hypoxia.

Question 16

What is anemia hypoxia?

Answer 16

means there is an issue with the carrying capacity for oxygen. This is due to low numbers of iron for hemoglobin or low red blood cell count. In this case, there is sufficient oxygen in the inhaled air; it just has nothing to attach to in the blood.

Question 17

what is ischemic hypoxia?

Answer 17

hypoxia is due to a blockage of the delivery route, meaning circulation has been cut off. There is enough oxygen in the inhaled air, and there are enough red blood cells to carry the oxygen; the problem is the ‘road is closed,’ and the blood can’t get to where it needs to go.

Question 18

What is histotoxic Hypoxia?

Answer 18

an issue with the utilization of oxygen at the tissue end. There is enough oxygen in the air and in the blood, and the vessels are fine and can deliver it to the tissues, but the tissues can’t use it. A classic example of histotoxic hypoxia is cyanide poisoning, where cyanide blocks the utilization of oxygen in the electron transport chain within the mitochondria of a cell.

Question 19

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 19

Phrenic Nerve

Question 20

A patient goes in for an emergency surgery and has a splenectomy. What are the risks and side effects of a removed spleen?

Answer 20

Decreased immune response and risk of sepsis

Question 21

Which one of the following cranial bones is part of the respiratory system?

Answer 21

Frontal bone

Question 22

What vessel drains two-thirds of lymph in the whole body?

Answer 22

Thoracic Duct

Question 23

What genetic disorder could lead to hemarthrosis, intracranial bleeding and compartment syndrome?

Answer 23

Hemophilia

Question 24

You have an adult patient in her late 50s who has complained about her weight gain to you and has said it has been an issue since her mid-20s. She admits that her diet has consisted of highly processed fast foods since her teens, and she rarely exercises, if at all. She reports that lately, she is always thirsty, urinating excessively, and having sweet-smelling urine. What do you suspect your patient may be suffering from?

Answer 24

Type 2 diabetes

Question 25

You have a patient who reports severe exhaustion, tender lymph nodes, unrelenting fatigue, and non-restorative rest, but no fever. What condition does your patient likely have?

Answer 25

Chronic Fatigue syndrome

Question 26

What nerve is responsible for the massive parasympathetic output that slows down heart rate?

Answer 26

vagus nerve

Question 27

Which muscle originates on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae and inserts on the spinous process of the vertebrae 1 to 2 levels above the origin?

Answer 27

Rotators

Question 28

Where are the majority of the nutrients from food absorbed along the digestive tract?

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

Which condition could result in a person who has a deficiency of intrinsic factor (IF)?

Answer 29

Pernicious anemia

Question 30

What vitamin needs Intrinsic factor (IF) to be absorbed?

Answer 30

Vitamin B12

Question 31

what would a vitamin K deficiency result in?

Answer 31

Clotting disorders

Question 32

what would a vitamin A deficiency result in?

Answer 32

Visual impairment

Question 33

what can folic acid deficiency in pregnancy result in?

Answer 33

Spinal bifida

Question 34

Substances that slow renal reabsorption, and therefore increase urine production are known as:

Answer 34

diuretics

Question 35

A 44-year-old patient states they were diagnosed with diabetes in their early twenties. They have been insulin dependent since their diagnosis. Their diet has always been balanced and they state that they don't eat out a lot. They are thin and state they have always had difficulty gaining weight, even since childhood. What type of diabetes does this patient most likely have?

Answer 35

Type 1

Question 36

A person with left-sided heart failure would experience which of the following patterns of edema?

Answer 36

Pulmonary edema and then eventually peripheral edema

Question 37

What side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood

Answer 37

Right side

Question 38

what side of the heart receives oxygenated blood

Answer 38

left side

Question 39

Which form of hypoxia does carbon monoxide poisoning cause?

Answer 39

Anemic hypoxia

Question 40

what is hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 40

oxygen can't get to the lungs or from the lungs to the blood stream high altitude airway blockage pulmonary edema

Question 41

what is anemic hypoxia

Answer 41

the blood has an issue with hemoglobin and can't carry the oxygen to target tissues

Question 42

what is ischemic hypoxia

Answer 42

blood physically cannot make its to destination due to blockage in arteries

Question 43

what is histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 43

the oxygen can get into lungs and blood but the target tissues are unable to utilize the oxygen due to a toxic affecting them (Cyanide poisoning)

Question 44

When a therapist takes a patient's blood pressure what is it that they are measuring?

Answer 44

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 45

A patient seen a day and a half ago contacted their therapist to let them know that their right hand and wrist have developed a burning itching rash today. The treatment was focused entirely on the right hand and wrist for carpal tunnel syndrome. The therapist had worn latex gloves and performed joint mobilizations and frictions to the area. What is the most likely cause of this patient's rash?

Answer 45

A Type IV Hypersensitivity reaction to the latex gloves

Question 46

what is a type 1 allergic reaction?

Answer 46

immediate allergic reaction

Question 47

what is type 2 allergic reaction

Answer 47

Antibody mediated commonly seen with mismatched blood transfusions

Question 48

what is a type 3 allergic reaction

Answer 48

antibodies cluster around some internal factor such as a virus or bacteria or rheumatoid factor causing chronic issues (rheumatoid arthritis)

Question 49

What is a type 4 allergic reaction

Answer 49

a delayed response (poison ivy, etc)

Question 50

A long-time patient asks their massage therapist to look at a mole on the back of their neck. The mole has been there since the therapist started seeing the patient many years ago. It is about 1 cm in diameter, raised slightly, and circular. The therapist sees the mole has taken on a deeper bluish color since they last saw the patient. What impression can the therapist get from this general observation?

Answer 50

The mole may not be fine as it has changed color

Question 51

what are the ABCDEs of melanoma?

Answer 51

A - Asymmetry B - Borders or outer edges uneven C - Color has become dark black, bluish or has multiple color spots D - Diameter is greater than 6mm E - Evolving, its size shape or color has changed

Question 52

In phenylketonuria, there is a deficiency of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. What is the essential function of this enzyme?

Answer 52

It converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

Question 53

Which process will occur in the body if blood pressure drops?

Answer 53

The kidney releases renin which leads to increased Aldosterone and salt reabsorption

Question 54

Which of the following describes external respiration?

Answer 54

Diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood

Question 55

what is internal respiration?

Answer 55

the diffusion of gases between the blood and the tissues

Question 56

A patient who has HIV may have contracted it via:

Answer 56

Sexual contact, blood contact, or breast milk

Question 57

Lipogenesis is stimulated by

Answer 57

High carbs

Question 58

If a patient claims they are having difficulty with adduction and have noted reduced sensation on the medial aspect of their thigh above the knee, which nerve is most likely disrupted?

Answer 58

Obturator nerve

Question 59

what does the femoral nerve innervate?

Answer 59

anterior compartment of leg hip flexion knee flexion anterior leg sensation

Question 60

what does the sciatic nerve innervate?

Answer 60

Posterior compartment of leg Hip extension knee flexion posterior leg sensation

Question 61

what does the lateral cutaneous nerve innervate?

Answer 61

no effect on movement causes sensory symptoms in the anterolateral thigh

Question 62

what does the obturator nerve innervate?

Answer 62

medial compartment adduction medial thigh sensation

Question 63

Which hormone levels would be expected in a person with secondary hypothyroidism?

Answer 63

Low levels of TSH and low levels of thyroid hormone

Question 64

what hormone levels would be expected with someone with primary hypothyroidism?

Answer 64

High TSH and Low thyroid hormone

Question 65

When a therapist is providing treatment for the platysma, which nerve branch is providing the sensation of the therapist's touch to the patient?

Answer 65

Transverse Cervical branch

Question 66

Which medication would a therapist most likely see on a health history form for a patient with bipolar disorder?

Answer 66

Lithium

Question 67

Provided there is no pathology involved, which artery will supply the majority of the lateral parietal lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 67

Middle cerebral artery

Question 68

Which of the following statements is true about the sarcomere when a muscle is being stretched?

Answer 68

The I band becomes longer

Question 69

Excess amino acids in the body are converted to glucose through:

Answer 69

Glucogenesis