SPECIAL SENSES CHAPTER 18

Question 1

The __________ cranial nerves communicate sensory messages from the gustatory cells to the medulla oblongata. glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal, and abducens facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus facial, trigeminal, and olfactory facial, trigeminal, and abducens

Answer 1

Correct Answer: facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus

Question 2

The __________ cranial nerve DOES NOT innervate any extrinsic eye muscles. oculomotor trochlear abducens facial

Answer 2

Answer: facial

Question 3

The __________ fluid is found in the anterior chamber/cavity. saline vitreous aqeuous mucus

Answer 3

Answer: facial

Question 4

Identify the structure labeled “a.”

choroid

sclera

lens

cornea

Answer 4

SCLERA

Question 5

Answer 5

choroid

Question 6

The blind spot is

where the optic nerve passes out of the eye.

just deep to the lens.

where the density of cones is the greatest.

where the iris obscures the lens.

Answer 6

where the optic nerve passes out of the eye.

Question 7

Astigmatism is

a longer eyeball than the average person.

a shorter eyeball than the average person.

an irregular curvature of either the lens or cornea.

a lens that is cloudy.

Answer 7

an irregular curvature of either the lens or cornea.

Question 8

Answer 8

cochlear nerve

Question 9

Answer 9

semicircular canal

Question 10

Conduction deafness can be caused by

damage to cochlear nerve.

damage to the cerebrum’s temporal lobe.

damage to hair cells.

damaged or ruptured tympanic membrane.

Answer 10

damaged or ruptured tympanic membrane.

Question 11

Sensorineural deafness can be caused by

damaged or ruptured tympanic membrane.

ossification of the auditory ossicles.

damage to auditory ossicles.

damage to hair cells.

Answer 11

damage to hair cells.

Question 12

Which part of the eye is filled with vitreous humors?

middle vascular layer

anterior cavity

posterior cavity

inner neural layer

Answer 12

posterior cavity

Question 13

Which part(s) of the eye is/are the inner neural layer?

iris, ciliary body, and choroid

sclera and cornea

structure filled with aqueous humor

retina

Answer 13

retina

Question 14

How does a cow’s eye differ from a human’s eye?

The cow’s eye reflects light rather than absorbing it.

The cow’s eye is more oblong in shape.

The cow’s eye has four tunics rather than three.

The cow’s eye lacks cone photoreceptors.

Answer 14

The cow’s eye reflects light rather than absorbing it.

Question 15

Before a cow’s eye can be dissected, the __________ tissue needs to be cut away.

muscle

meninges

fascia

adipose

Answer 15

adipose

Question 16

People with color blindness lack or have diminished quantities of which photoreceptor type?

cones

spirilla

rods

spirochetes

Answer 16

cones

Question 17

What is the reason the near point of accommodation decreases as a person ages?

The lens becomes clouded with age and light doesn’t pass through as well.

The lens shape changes with age, causing the focal point to shift.

The lens becomes less elastic with age and doesn’t change shape as easily.

The lens becomes more brittle with age, causing light to refract erratically.

Answer 17

The lens becomes less elastic with age and doesn’t change shape as easily.

Question 18

The __________ functions in equilibrium.

auditory ossicles

tympanic membrane

cochlea

vestibule

Answer 18

vestibule

Question 19

The __________ connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx.

auditory tube

vestibule

semicircular canal

cochlea

Answer 19

auditory tube

Question 20

If a patient has hearing loss, health practitioners will use the __________ to determine whether the damage is conductive or sensorineural hearing loss.

Snellen test

Ishihara test

Weber and Rinne tests

Romberg test

Answer 20

Weber and Rinne tests

Question 21

The __________ test is used to evaluate the ability of a patient’s vestibular apparatus to maintain equilibrium without a visual stimulus.

Rinne

Snellen

Weber

Romberg

Answer 21

Romberg

Question 22

Olfactory neurons and gustatory cells respond to ________s, and cones respond to _________.

Olfactory neurons in the olfactory -__________ are stimulated by chemical -______ and their axons form the olfactory nerves (_________), whereas gustatory cells respond to ________ chemicals and send sensory impulses via the -__________), _____________ and _________ nerves to the __________. Cones send electrical impulses via the ____________ to the _________s.

Answer 22

Olfactory neurons and gustatory cells respond to chemicals, and cones respond to light.

Olfactory neurons in the olfactory mucosa are stimulated by chemical odorants and their axons form the olfactory nerves (CN I), whereas gustatory cells respond to dissolved chemicals and send sensory impulses via the facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IV), and vagus (CN X) nerves to the thalamus. Cones send electrical impulses via the optic nerve (CN II) to the thalamus.