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Physiological Systems > MORE Quiz :) > Flashcards

MORE Quiz :) Flashcards

1
Q 
Olfactory glands 
A) house the sense of smell. 
B) support the olfactory epithelium.
C) react to aromatic molecules. 
D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. 
E) group as olfactory bulbs.
A

D) coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus

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2
Q 
Olfactory information is first received by which part of the brain? 
A) frontal lobe 
B) cerebellum 
C) parietal lobe 
D) cerebrum 
E) medulla oblongata
A

D) cerebrum

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3
Q

Before an olfactory receptor can detect an odorant, it has to
A) contact a specialized olfactory cell.
B) bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.
C) gate open ion channels.
D) respond to applied pressure.
E) be transported to the olfactory bulbs.

A

B) bind to receptors in olfactory cilia.

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4
Q

Which of the following is true of olfactory discrimination?
A) There are 6 primary smells known.
B) The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age.
C) All odorants require the same concentration to activate an olfactory receptor.
D) There are different types of olfactory receptor cells to detect each type of odorant.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

B) The number of olfactory receptors decline as we age.

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5
Q

All of the following are true of olfactory pathways, except
A) they project first to the mamillary bodies and then to the thalamus.
B) primary afferents synapse in the olfactory bulb.
C) information flows to the olfactory cortex, hypothalamus, and limbic system.
D) they are the only sensory pathways to reach the forebrain without first synapsing in the thalamus.
E) they exhibit a considerable amount of convergence.

A

A) they project first to the mamillary bodies and then to the thalamus.

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6
Q 
Some neural tissues retain stem cells and thus the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors? 
A) olfaction 
B) hearing 
C) equilibrium 
D) proprioception 
E) vision
A

A) olfaction

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7
Q 
A normal, relaxed inhalation carries about \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the inhaled air to the olfactory organs. 
A) 50 percent 
B) 8 percent 
C) 2 percent 
D) 35 percent 
E) 10 percent
A

C) 2 percent

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8
Q

How would a molecule that mimics cAMP affect an olfactory receptor?
A) It would increase sodium permeability.
B) It would open chemically-gated sodium channels.
C) It would depolarize the olfactory receptor.
D) It could trigger an afferent action potential.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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9
Q 
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the 
A) medulla oblongata. 
B) medial geniculate. 
C) cerebral cortex. 
D) olfactory bulb. 
E) olfactory tract.
A

D) olfactory bulb

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10
Q 
Gustatory receptors are located 
A) in the eye. 
B) in the ear. 
C) on the surface of the tongue. 
D) in the nose. 
E) on the skin.
A

C) on the surface of the tongue.

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11
Q 
The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of 
A) light receptors in the eye. 
B) mechanoreceptors in the ear. 
C) olfactory receptors. 
D) lamellated corpuscles. 
E) Meissner corpuscles.
A

C) olfactory receptors.

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12
Q 
Which of the following lingual papillae has the largest number of taste buds? 
A) pharynx 
B) larynx 
C) filiform papillae 
D) fungiform papillae 
E) circumvallate papillae
A

E) circumvallate papillae

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13
Q 
Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves 
A) IX, X, XI. 
B) VII, VIII, IX. 
C) VII, IX, X. 
D) V, VII, IX. 
E) IX, XI, XII.
A

C) VII, IX, X.

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14
Q 
Stimulation of nociceptive receptors within the trigeminal nerve might produce a perception of 
A) intensely sweet. 
B) intensely sour. 
C) quite salty. 
D) peppery hot. 
E) decidedly bitter.
A

D) peppery hot.

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15
Q 
Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places? 
A) portions of the larynx 
B) anterior tip of the tongue 
C) portions of the pharynx 
D) surface of the tongue 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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16
Q 
An adult has approximately \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ taste buds. 
A) 30 
B) 3,000 
C) 300,000 
D) 300 
E) 30,000
A

B) 3,000

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17
Q 
All of the following are terms describing the epithelial projections found on the tongue, except 
A) fungiform papillae. 
B) circumvallate papillae. 
C) filiform papillae. 
D) gustatory papillae. 
E) lingual papillae.
A

E) lingual papillae.

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18
Q

Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerve(s)?
A) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
B) vagus nerve (X)
C) facial nerve (VII)
D) trigeminal nerve (V)
E) facial nerve (VII), vagus nerve (X), and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

A

E) facial nerve (VII), vagus nerve (X), and glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

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19
Q 
A patient who experienced head trauma has lost the ability to taste spicy food. You should expect damage to cranial nerve \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) VII 
B) III 
C) IX 
D) V 
E) XII
A

D) V

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20
Q 
Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations? 
A) sweet 
B) peppery 
C) sour 
D) salty 
E) umami
A

peppery

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21
Q 
The taste sensation that is triggered by the amino acid glutamate is known as 
A) sweet. 
B) umami. 
C) salty. 
D) peppery. 
E) sour.
A

B) umami.

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22
Q

All of the following are true of the lacrimal glands, except
that they
A) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.
B) produce most of the volume of tears.
C) produce lysozyme.
D) produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
E) are located in recesses in the frontal bones.

A

A) produce a strongly hypertonic fluid.

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23
Q

All of the following are true of the fibrous tunic of the eye, except that it
A) consists of the sclera, limbus, and cornea.
B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C) produces aqueous humor.
D) contributes substantial focusing power.
E) is where extrinsic eye muscles insert.

A

C) produces aqueous humor.

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24
Q 
What structure changes the shape of the lens for far and near vision? 
A) aqueous humor 
B) ciliary body 
C) iris 
D) extrinsic eye muscles 
E) None, because the lens is rigid.
A

B) ciliary body

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25
Q

Which of the following is true of the vascular tunic of the eye?
A) provides a route for blood vessels and lymphatics that supply tissues of the eye
B) regulates the amount of light entering the eye
C) secretes and reabsorbs the aqueous humor
D) controls the shape of the lens
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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26
Q 
The palpebrae 
A) are controlled by cranial nerves. 
B) contain tarsal glands. 
C) cover and protect the eye. 
D) are lined with a palpebral conjunctiva. 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

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27
Q 
The palpebrae are connected at the 
A) eyelids. 
B) lateral and medial canthus. 
C) lacrimal caruncle.
D) chalazion. 
E) conjunctiva.
A

B) lateral and medial canthus.

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28
Q 
The space between the iris and ciliary body and the lens is the 
A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber. 
C) pupil. 
D) canal of Schlemm. 
E) vitreous body.
A

B) posterior chamber

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29
Q 
The neural tunic of the eye 
A) contains ganglion cells. 
B) contains the photoreceptor cells.
C) contains bipolar cells. 
D) is the deepest layer of the eyeball. 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

) All of the answers are correct.

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30
Q 
The human lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by 
A) moving up and down. 
B) moving in and out. 
C) changing shape. 
D) opening and closing. 
E) dilating and constricting.
A

changing shape.

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31
Q 
A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that contribute to a gritty deposit is the 
A) palpebra. 
B) lacrimal caruncle.
C) chalazion. 
D) Meibomian gland. 
E) conjunctiva.
A

B) lacrimal caruncle.

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32
Q 
Which of the following produces a lipid-rich secretion that prevents the upper and lower eyelids from sticking together at their edges? 
A) palpebra 
B) lacrimal caruncle 
C) chalazion 
D) tarsal gland 
E) conjunctiva
A

D) tarsal gland

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33
Q

The vitreous body
A) fills the posterior chamber.
B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.
C) is replaced at the rate of 20 percent per year until middle age.
D) circulates through the pupil.
E) holds the retina against the lens for proper refraction.

A

B) helps to stabilize the eye and give physical support to the retina.

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34
Q 
The space between the cornea and the iris is the 
A) anterior chamber.
B) posterior chamber. 
C) canal of Schlemm. 
D) aqueous humor. 
E) pupil.
A

A) anterior chambe

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35
Q 
The shape of the lens is controlled by the 
A) pupillary sphincter muscles. 
B) pupillary radial muscles. 
C) ciliary muscles. 
D) iris. 
E) cornea.
A

C) ciliary muscles.

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36
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ covers most of the exposed surface of the eye. 
A) conjunctiva 
B) cornea 
C) iris 
D) anterior chamber
E) canthus
A

vA) conjunctiva

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37
Q 
The transparent portion of the fibrous tunic is the 
A) conjunctiva. 
B) cornea. 
C) iris. 
D) pupil. 
E) canthus.
A

B) cornea.

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38
Q 
The part of the eye that determines eye color is the 
A) conjunctiva. 
B) cornea. 
C) iris. 
D) pupil. 
E) canal of Schlemm.
A

C) iris.

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39
Q 
The opening in the iris through which light passes is the 
A) conjunctiva. 
B) cornea. 
C) pupil. 
D) anterior chamber.
E) posterior chamber.
A

C) pupil.

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40
Q 
In the human eye, most refraction occurs when light passes through the 
A) iris. 
B) cornea. 
C) lens. 
D) aqueous humor. 
E) vitreous humor.
A

B) cornea.

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41
Q

The ciliary muscle contracts to
A) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) adjust the shape of the lens for distant vision.
C) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.
D) control the production of aqueous humor.
E) adjust the shape of the cornea and vitreous.

A

C) adjust the shape of the lens for near vision.

42
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term aqueous humor?
A) gelatinous fluid that fills anterior chamber
B) secreted in bright light
C) excessive production may lead to glaucoma
D) converts to vitreous humor with age
E) provides the liquid component of lacrimal secretions

A

C) excessive production may lead to glaucoma

43
Q 
A sty \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
A) is often caused by bacteria. 
B) is a painful swelling in an eyelash. 
C) may involve a sebaceous gland. 
D) may involve a tarsal gland. 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

44
Q 
Which of the following is a function of tears? 
A) lubricate the eye 
B) wash away debris
C) provide oxygen 
D) nourish the cornea and conjunctiva 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

45
Q 
An area of the retina that contains only cones and is the site of sharpest vision is the 
A) outer segment. 
B) inner segment. 
C) fovea. 
D) optic disc. 
E) tapetum lucidum.
A

C) fovea.

46
Q 
Which of the following description applies to the term myopia?
A) farsightedness 
B) nearsightedness 
C) normal vision 
D) astigmatism 
E) age-related decline in accommodation
A

B) nearsightedness

47
Q 
The gelatinous material that gives the eyeball its basic shape is the 
A) vitreous humor. 
B) aqueous humor. 
C) ora serrata. 
D) perilymph. 
E) posterior cavity.
A

) vitreous humor.

48
Q 
Pupillary muscle groups are controlled by the ANS. Parasympathetic activation causes pupillary \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and sympathetic activation causes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) dilation; constriction 
B) dilation; dilation 
C) constriction; dilation 
D) constriction; constriction 
E) vasoconstriction; vasoconstriction
A

C) constriction; dilation

49
Q

If your vision is 20/15, this means that you can
A) see 20-point type at 15 feet.
B) see objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.
C) see objects at 15 feet that individuals with eye problems see at 20 feet.
D) see all 15 eye chart letters from 20 feet.
E) see objects that are 20 feet or less away.

A

B) see objects at 20 feet that individuals with normal eyesight can see at 15 feet.

50
Q 
Trace the circulation of aqueous humor from the site of production to the site of where it is reabsorbed: 
1. posterior chamber; 
2. anterior chamber; 
3. ciliary body; 
4. canal of Schlemm;
 5. pupil 
A) 4, 3, 1, 5, 2 
B) 2, 1, 5, 3, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4, 5, 2 
D) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E) 5, 2, 4, 1, 3
A

D) 3, 1, 5, 2, 4

51
Q

Why must accommodation occur to view objects closer than 20 feet from the eye?
A) The light rays are convergent and must be bent more.
B) It moves the retina into position to focus on the close object.
C) The light rays are divergent instead of parallel and require more refraction.
D) The iris is too dilated causing the light rays to be out of focus.
E) None of the answers are correct. are true. Accommodation occurs when looking at distant objects 20 feet or farther from the eye.

A

C) The light rays are divergent instead of parallel and require more refraction.

52
Q 
During accommodation, the ciliary muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the suspensory ligaments become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ which, in turn, cause the lens to become \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. 
A) contracts; loose; flat 
B) relaxes; loose; flat 
C) contracts; tight; round 
D) contracts; loose; round 
E) relaxes; tight; flat
A

D) contracts; loose; round

53
Q 
What structure regulates the amount of light that passes to the photoreceptors of the eye? 
A) vitreous body 
B) cornea 
C) ciliary muscle 
D) iris 
E) lens
A

D) iris

54
Q

The optic disc is a blind spot because
A) there are no photoreceptors in that area.
B) the retina lacks nerves in the optic disc .
C) humans are unable to focus light on that area of the retina.
D) the vitreous body is too thick in this area for the passage of light.
E) the fovea prevents light from striking the optic disc.

A

A) there are no photoreceptors in that area.

55
Q 
During accommodation, the ciliary muscle \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ causing the ciliary body to move \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and apply \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tension on the lens. 
A) relaxes; forward; more 
B) contracts; forward; less 
C) contracts; back; more 
D) relaxes; inward; less 
E) contracts; back; less
A

B) contracts; forward; less

56
Q

A sudden increase of light into the eye would cause
A) contraction of the sphincter pupillary muscles.
B) contraction of the radial pupillary muscles.
C) conversion of 11-trans to 11-cis retinal.
D) a decrease in the size of the pupil.
E) parasympathetic stimulation to the pupil.

A

A) contraction of the sphincter pupillary muscles.

57
Q

When a rod is stimulated by light,
A) the plasma membrane becomes hyperpolarized.
B) the retinal changes from the 11-cis to the 11-trans
form.
C) less neurotransmitter is released.
D) cGMP decreases and sodium channels close.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

58
Q

In the light-adapted state,
A) photoreceptors are much more sensitive to stimulation.
B) photoreceptors are much less sensitive to stimulation.
C) we can only see color, and not black and white.
D) we would see better in the dark.
E) colors are dull.

A

B) photoreceptors are much less sensitive to stimulation.

59
Q

Under which condition would the release of neurotransmitter by photoreceptors be greatest?
A) under normal room light
B) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes
C) immediately after going outside in bright sunlight
D) focusing intently on a close object
E) focusing intently on a distant object

A

B) in a pitch-black room after 30 minutes

60
Q 
There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to different light energies. These cones are designated 
A) red, yellow, blue. 
B) red, green, blue. 
C) red, green, yellow. 
D) yellow, red, blue. 
E) red, white, blue.
A

A) red, yellow, blue.

61
Q 
An elongate outer segment containing membranous discs and a narrow connecting stalk that attaches the outer segment to the inner segment describes 
A) a bipolar cell. 
B) a photoreceptor. 
C) a ganglion cell. 
D) an amacrine cell. 
E) a horizontal cell.
A

B) a photoreceptor.

62
Q 
When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive 
A) red. 
B) blue. 
C) green. 
D) white. 
E) blackness.
A

D) white.

63
Q

The first step in the process of photoreception is
A) the bleaching of rods.
B) the bleaching of cones.
C) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
D) inhibition of the sodium pumps.
E) release of neurotransmitter.

A

C) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.

64
Q 
Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound 
A) retinal. 
B) opsin. 
C) rhodopsin. 
D) transducin. 
E) cGMP.
A

C) rhodopsin

65
Q 
A pigment synthesized from vitamin A is 
A) retinal. 
B) opsin. 
C) rhodopsin. 
D) transducin. 
E) cGMP.
A

) retinal.

66
Q 
Which of the following is true about rhodopsin? 
A) called visual purple 
B) is bleached during photoreception 
C) is the visual pigment in rods 
D) consists of opsin + retinal 
E) All of the answers are correct.
A

E) All of the answers are correct.

67
Q

Which of the following statements about the retina is true?
A) Ganglion cells send axons to the brain as cranial nerve II.
B) Axons carrying its output synapse in the thalamus.
C) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to dim light.
D) It has photoreceptors that do not respond to red light.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

68
Q

Having to adjust to a dark room after walking in from bright light is because
A) the breakdown of rhodopsin to opsin occurs slowly.
B) the lens requires time to accommodate dim light.
C) rods exposed to strong light need time to regenerate rhodopsin.
D) rhodopsin does not function in dim light.
E) only cones function in dim light.

A

C) rods exposed to strong light need time to regenerate rhodopsin.

69
Q

Where are the visual pigments located in the rods and cones?
A) in the inner segment of photoreceptors
B) in mitochondria located in the outer segment
C) inside membrane discs stacked in the outer segment
D) inside a photosensitive nucleus
E) sandwiched in the cell membrane of the photoreceptors

A

C) inside membrane discs stacked in the outer segment

70
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ear collects sounds waves and transmits them to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ear, which contains auditory ossicles 
A) inner; middle 
B) outer; middle 
C) outer; inner 
D) middle; inner 
E) superficial; deep
A

B) outer; middle

71
Q 
The external acoustic meatus ends at 
A) the tympanic membrane. 
B) the auditory ossicles. 
C) the cochlea. 
D) the pinna. 
E) the vestibule.
A

A) the tympanic membrane.

72
Q

Which of these anatomical sequences is correct?
A) tympanumincusmalleusstapesoval windowround window
B) tympanumincusmalleusstapesround windowoval window
C) tympanummalleusincusstapesoval windowround window
D) tympanumincusstapesmalleusoval windowround window
E) tympanummalleusincusstapesround windowoval window

A

C) tympanummalleusincusstapesoval windowround window

73
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term basilar membrane?
A) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmits movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) supports the olfactory organ
D) tiny duct necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) covers over the oval window

A

A) moves up and down when the stapes moves back and forth

74
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ convey(s) information about head position with respect to gravity. 
A) cochlea 
B) utricle 
C) ampulla 
D) saccule 
E) utricle and the saccule
A

E) utricle and the saccule

75
Q 
A sound with a frequency of 12,000 hertz would 
A) be very loud. 
B) be barely audible.
C) be high-pitched. 
D) be low-pitched. 
E) damage the tympanic membrane.
A

C) be high-pitched.

76
Q

A loud noise causes
A) a large movement of the tympanic membrane.
B) an alerting reaction leading to sympathetic activation.
C) reflex contractions of middle ear muscles.
D) a big pressure pulse entering the cochlear duct at that oval window.
E) All of the answers are correct.

A

E) All of the answers are correct.

77
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term otoliths?
A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seal the oval window

A

D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium

78
Q

The auditory ossicles connect the
A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
B) tympanic membrane to the round window.
C) oval window to the round window.
D) stapedius to the tympanic membrane.
E) otitis to the media.

A

A) tympanic membrane to the oval window.

79
Q 
The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the 
A) auditory ossicles. 
B) cochlea. 
C) oval window. 
D) tensor tympani. 
E) stapedius muscle.
A

A) auditory ossicles.

80
Q 
The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the 
A) auricle. 
B) membranous labyrinth. 
C) bony labyrinth. 
D) auditory tube. 
E) auditory meatus.
A

D) auditory tube.

81
Q 
The senses of equilibrium and hearing are provided by receptors in the 
A) membranous endolymph. 
B) organ of Schlemm. 
C) inner ear. 
D) bony labyrinth. 
E) perilymph.
A

C) inner ear.

82
Q 
The structure that forms the "roof" of the organ of Corti is the 
A) basilar membrane. 
B) tectorial membrane. 
C) stapedius. 
D) perilymph. 
E) endolymph.
A

B) tectorial membrane.

83
Q 
The structure that supports the organ of Corti is the 
A) tectorial membrane. 
B) basilar membrane. 
C) membranous labyrinth. 
D) vestibular duct. 
E) tympanic membrane.
A

B) basilar membrane.

84
Q 
Gravity and linear acceleration are sensed in the 
A) semicircular canals. 
B) cochlea. 
C) statoconia. 
D) saccule and utricle. 
E) organ of Corti.
A

D) saccule and utricle.

85
Q

When an external force bends the stereocilia of the inner ear hair cells,
A) the force is converted into mechanical energy.
B) the hair cells are temporarily damaged.
C) there is a change in the transmembrane potential of the hair cells.
D) dizziness results.
E) the cells become unresponsive.

A

C) there is a change in the transmembrane potential of the hair cells.

86
Q 
The sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located in the 
A) saccules. 
B) ampullae. 
C) perilymph. 
D) utricles. 
E) cupulae.
A

B) ampullae.

87
Q 
The region of the ampulla that contains the receptors for rotational (dynamic) equilibrium are called 
A) utricles. 
B) cristae. 
C) ampullae. 
D) fovea. 
E) maculae.
A

B) cristae.

88
Q 
The superficial hard part of the inner ear is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ .
A) bony labyrinth; perilymph 
B) membranous labyrinth; perilymph 
C) membranous labyrinth; endolymph 
D) cochlea; perilymph 
E) bony labyrinth; endolymph
A

A) bony labyrinth; perilymph

89
Q

Movement of the endolymph in the semicircular canals
A) produces a rushing sound.
B) allows us to hear low tones.
C) signals rotational movements.
D) signals body position with respect to gravity.
E) signals linear acceleration.

A

C) signals rotational movements.

90
Q 
The structure attached to the oval window that transmits vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is the 
A) malleus. 
B) basilar membrane. 
C) incus. 
D) stapes. 
E) auditory tube.
A

D) stapes.

91
Q 
Low frequency sounds stimulate hair cells on which part of the basilar membrane? 
A) area close to the round window 
B) the entire membrane 
C) the distal end 
D) the middle region 
E) area close to the oval window
A

C) the distal end

92
Q 
The energy from a pressure wave in the cochlear fluids is released by the bulging and stretching of the 
A) tectorial membrane. 
B) cochlear duct. 
C) round window. 
D) vestibular membrane. 
E) oval window.
A

C) round window.

93
Q

The function of the auditory tube is to:
A) help maintain equilibrium.
B) amplify sounds.
C) equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.
D) redistribute endolymph after hearing a sound.
E) provide a passageway for sound waves to enter the ear.

A

C) equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane.

94
Q 
Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers will stimulate receptors in the 
A) basilar membrane. 
B) spiral organ. 
C) semicircular canals. 
D) bony labyrinth. 
E) utricle and saccule.
A

E) utricle and saccule.

95
Q 
An infection that damages the vestibular nerve could result in a loss of 
A) hearing and equilibrium. 
B) olfaction. 
C) visual acuity. 
D) hearing. 
E) equilibrium.
A

E) equilibrium.

96
Q 
The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in 
A) ampullae. 
B) cristae. 
C) cupulae. 
D) maculae. 
E) otoconia.
A

D) maculae.

97
Q

The frequency of a perceived sound depends on
A) the frequency of stereocilia vibration.
B) the number of hair cells that are stimulated.
C) which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
D) the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.
E) the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.

A

A?

98
Q

Movement of the tympanic membrane causes displacement of the malleus;

  1. Displacement of the stereocilia stimulates sensory neurons of the cochlear nerve;
  2. Movement of the malleus causes movement of the incus and stapes;
  3. Distortion of the basilar membrane forces the hair cells of the organ of Corti toward or away from the tectorial membrane;
  4. Movement of the oval window establishes pressure waves in the perilymph of the vestibular duct.
The proper sequence for these steps is 
A) 2, 4, 1, 6, 5, 3. 
B) 2, 4, 6, 3, 5, 1. 
C) 2, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3. 
D) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3. 
E) 2, 5, 4, 6, 1, 3
A

D) 2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 3.

99
Q

Perception of gravity and linear acceleration depends on
A) changes in the pressure exerted by the cupula on hair cells.
B) vibrations of the tectorial membrane striking hair cells.
C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae.
D) the movement of endolymph within the semicircular canals.
E) the bending of hair cells in the ampullae.

A

C) the force exerted by otoliths on hair cells of the maculae.

100
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?
A) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts
B) auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane
C) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seals the oval window

A

E) seals the oval window

E

101
Q 
Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the 
A) auditory ossicles. 
B) cochlea. 
C) oval window. 
D) round window. 
E) tympanic membrane.
A

E) tympanic membrane.

102
Q

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stereocilia?
A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth
B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear
C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells
D) tiny weights necessary for the static sense of equilibrium
E) seal the oval window

A

C) bending these produces receptor potential in hair cells

Physiological Systems (24 decks)

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