Quiz Flashcards
The threshold for the detection of odors is ___ and adaptation to odors occurs ____.
A)high, quickly
B)high, slowly
C)low, quickly
D)low, slowly
C)
The axons of the olfactory neurons pass through the foramina of the _____ to synapse with mitral or tufted cells in the ____.
A)cribiform plate, olfactory tract
B)cribiform plate, olfactory bulb
C)nasal bone, olfactory tract
D)nasal bone, olfactory bulb
B)cribiform plate, olfactory bulb
Which cells proliferate to replace lost olfactory cells?
A)basal cells
B)mitral cells
C)olfactory hairs
D)tufted cells
Feedback: Correct Answer
A)basal cells
Which of the following is NOT true of olfactory neurons?
A)The axons of the olfactory neurons combine to form the olfactory nerves.
B)The olfactory neurons synapse with cells in the olfactory bulb.
C)Olfactory neurons have receptors that react with odorants dissolved in fluid.
D)Olfactory neurons are uni-polar neurons.
Feedback: Correct Answer
Olfactory neurons are uni-polar neurons
Which region of the olfactory cortex is involved in conscious perception of smell?
A)intermediate olfactory area
B)lateral olfactory area
C)medial olfactory area
D)superior olfactory area
lateral olfactory area
The olfactory cortex is in the frontal lobe within the lateral fissure of the cerebrum. It is divided into three areas, the intermediate, lateral, and medial olfactory areas
Which region of the olfactory cortex is connected to the limbic system?
A)intermediate olfactory area
B)lateral olfactory area
C)medial olfactory area
D)
The medial olfactory area is connected to the limbic system, and thus is responsible for visceral and emotional reactions to odors.
Which region of the olfactory cortex aids in modifying sensory information in the olfactory bulb?
A)intermediate olfactory area
B)lateral olfactory area
C)medial olfactory area
D)superior olfactory area
medial olfactory area
The intermediate olfactory area projects axons along the olfactory tract back to the olfactory bulb and thus modulate activity in the olfactory bulb.medial olfactory area
Where within the nasal cavity is the olfactory epithelium located?
A)anterior and lateral portion of the nasal cavity
B)posterior and lateral portion of the nasal cavity
C)inferior portion of the nasal cavity
D)superior portion of the nasal cavity
superior portion of the nasal cavity
Which type of papillae have no taste buds associated with them?
A)circumvallate
B)filiform
C)foliate
D)
There are more filiform papillae then the other types of papillae, however they do not have taste buds.
Which type of papillae have the most sensitive taste buds associated with them?
A)circumvallate
B)filiform
C)foliate
D)fungiform
Feedback: Foliate papillae are most numerous in children and decrease with age.
How many primary tastes have been identified?
A)4
B)5
C)7
D)400
Feedback: Correct Answer
5
Which of the following cranial nerves does not transmit taste sensation?
A)Trigeminal (V) nerve
B)Facial (VII) nerve
C)Glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve
D)Vagus (X) nerve
Trigeminal (V) nerve
The majority of taste sensation is transmitted via the facial and glossopharyngeal nerves. The vagus nerve transmits some taste sensation from the epiglottis. The trigeminal nerve does not transmit taste sensation, however it does transmit tactile sensation from the tongue.
Identify the location of the taste area of the cortex.
A)precentral gyrus
B)postcentral gyrus
C)thalamus
D)temporal lobe.
postcentral gyrus
Feedback: The nerves carrying taste sensation enter into the medulla oblongata where they decussate and extend to the thalamus. From the thalamus the neurons project to the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe.
Which of the following primary tastes do not cause depolarization of the gustatory through a G protein mechanism?
A)bitter
B)sweet
C)salty
D)umami
Feedback: The salt sensation is a result of the opening of sodium channels and thus the diffusion of sodium into the cell, resulting in depolarization.
C)salty
Which of the following primary tastes do not require a substance to bind to a receptor on the gustatory hairs of taste cells?
A)salty
B)bitter
C)sweet
D)umami
Feedback: Correct Answer
A)salty
Which of the following describe the relationship between olfaction and gustation?
A)Gustatory hairs can also detect odorants.
B)Olfactory hairs can also detect tastants.
C)Olfactory sensations provide information about a substance that may be thought of as taste.
D)There is no relationship between the olfactory and gustatory senses.
Olfactory sensations provide information about a substance that may be thought of as tas
Which taste sensation is the most sensitive?
A)bitter
B)salty
C)sweet
D)umami
A)bitter
the bitter sensation has the lowest threshold or is the most sensitive. This low sensitivity may be protective in nature as many poisonous substances are bitter.
Which muscle closes the eyelid when it contracts?
A)inferior rectus
B)levator palpebrae superioris
C)orbicularis oculi
D)superior oblique
orbicularis oculi
Two skeletal muscles control the eyelid: the levator palpebare superious which elevates the lid and the orbicularis oculi which closes the lid.
Two skeletal muscles control the eyelid: the levator palpebare superious which elevates the lid and the orbicularis oculi which closes the lid.
levator palpebrae superioris
Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is NOT controlled by the oculomotor nerve?
A)inferior oblique
B)inferior rectus
C)medial rectus
D)superior oblique
Feedback: The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve.
superior oblique
Which of these extrinsic eye muscles is controlled by the trochlear nerve?
A)inferior rectus
B)medial rectus
C)superior oblique
D)superior rectus
C)superior oblique
The superior oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve. The inferior rectus, the medial rectus, and the superior rectus are all innervated by the occulomotor (III) nerve.
Identify the three layers of the eye in from the outer most layer to the inner most layer.
A)fibrous tunic, nervous tunic, vascular tunic
B)fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic
C)nervous tunic, fibrous tunic, vascular tunic
D)vascular tunic, fibrous tunic, nervous tunic
Feedback: Correct Answer
B)fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic
What eye layer is referred to in the quote “Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes”?
A)conjunctiva
B)choroid
C)retina
D)sclera
D)sclera
The transparent anterior portion of the outer eye coat, which allows light rays to enter the interior of the eye is the
A)conjunctiva
B)cornea
C)iris
D)sclera
The cornea is an avascular transparent structure that covers the anterior of the eye.
The colored (blue, brown, green) portion of the eye, as seen in an anterior view, is which of the following?
A)choroid
B)ciliary body
C)cornea
D)iris
D)iris
The iris (colored part of the eye) is a contractile structure that regulates the amount of light that enters through the pupil.
The watery fluid we call “tears” is secreted by
A)ceruminous glands
B)eccrine glands
C)lacrimal glands
D)tarsal gland
lacrimal glands
Aqueous humor is secreted by the __________; it flows out of the posterior chamber through the pupil into the anterior chamber where it is reabsorbed at a ring-like blood vessel called the __________.
A)ciliary process; canal of Schlemm
B)ciliary process; eustachian tube
C)iris; canal of Schlemm
D)iris; eustachian tube
Feedback: Aqueous humor fills the anterior compartment of the eye to help maintain intraocular pressure.
A)ciliary process; canal of Schlemm
Aqueous humor fills the anterior compartment of the eye to help maintain intraocular pressure.
When intraocular pressure increases because aqueous humor is not reabsorbed as fast as it is produced, __________ occurs, which can lead to blindness.
A)astigmatism
B)cataract
C)emmetropia
D)glaucoma
D)glaucoma
All of the following are part of the middle “vascular” tunic of the eye EXCEPT
A)choroid
B)ciliary body
C)iris
D)cornea
cornea
A sty is an inflammation of what type of gland associated with follicles of the eyelashes?
A)ciliary gland
B)meibomian gland
C)sebaceous gland
D)tarsal gland
ciliary gland
Ciliary glands are modified sweat glands that lubricate the eyelashes.
fter washing across the eyes, “tears” enter the nasal cavity through which of the following?
A)canals of Schlemm
B)collecting ducts
C)eustachian tubes
D)nasolacrimal ducts
nasolacrimal ductsFeedback: Naso is in reference to nose, lacrimal is in reference to the lacrimal glands which produce tears.
All of the following are intrinsic eye muscles EXCEPT the
A)ciliary muscles
B)dilator pupillae
C)sphincter pupillae
D)
superior oblique
Feedback: The superior oblique is an extrinsic eye muscle. Extrinsic eye muscles move the eyeball. The sphincter pupillae of the iris contracts the pupil.
From superficial to deep, the three main cell layers of the sensory retina are
A)photoreceptors - bipolar cells - ganglion cells
B)ganglion cells - bipolar cells - photoreceptors.
C)bipolar cells - ganglion cells - photoreceptors
D)photoreceptors - ganglion cells - bipolar cells
photoreceptors - bipolar cells - ganglion cells
Feedback: The rods and cones are photoreceptors. They synapse with the bipolar cells which then synapse with ganglion cells. The ganglion cells converge at the optic disc and exit the eye as the optic (II) nerve.
Clouding of the lens occurs in which of these eye disorders?
A)cataract
B)glaucoma
C)strabismus
D)trachoma
cataract
A cataract results when there is a build up of protein which leads to a clouding of the lens.