SPECIAL SENSES Flashcards
What is otitis externa?
Where the natural flora in the ear canal is disturbed.
What are some of the causes of otitis externa?
Allergic skin disease.
Trauma due to FB in ear canal.
Poor air circulation in canal.
Parasites.
Masses/tumour within ear canal.
Clinical signs of otitis externa?
Head shaking
Odour
Redness of the skin
Swelling
Scratching
Increased discharge
Signs of otitis media?
Vestibular disease - head tilt, nystagmus, general wobbliness, circling.
Causes of otitis media?
Extension of otitis externa to the middle ear.
Occasionally infection enters the eustachian canal.
Signs of otitis interna?
Head tilt, balance disturbance, Horner’s syndrome (facial nerve paralysis).
Causes of otitis interna?
An extension of otitis externa/media.
Tumour, inflammation in tympanic bullae.
What are the causes of deadness?
Can be hereditary.
Degenerative changes - chronic infection.
Wax - debris.
What are the four types of drugs commonly used to treat ear disease?
Miticides - permethrin ear drops.
Antibiotics.
Anti-inflammatory drugs.
Local anaesthetics.
What are some clinical signs of ocular pain?
Squinting excessively
Elevated third eyelids
Rubbing/pawing at eyes
Tenderness, redness, swollen
What are the signs of glaucoma?
Painful red eye
Corneal oedema
Clouding of eye
Retinal damage
Blindness
What are the causes of Glaucoma?
Primary glaucoma - a fault in the eye’s drainage system, hereditary. Progresses to both eyes over time.
Secondary glaucoma - when another condition (i.e., cataracts) stops fluid draining & causes pressure inside the eye to increase.
What are the signs of conjunctivitis?
Red MM
Increased vasodilation
Ocular discharge
What are the causes of conjunctivitis?
Inflammation of conjunctiva.
Infection - bacterial, viral allergy, neoplasia, allergy.
What are the signs of a corneal ulcer?
Pain
Ocular discharge
Increased blepharospasm
What are the causes of corneal ulcers?
Physical damage to the cornea.
Viral herpes in cats.
What are the causes of retinal disease?
Infection/inflammation.
PRA.
Retinal detachment.
Taurine deficiency.
Hereditary inflammatory disease.
What are the signs of retinal disease?
Blindness
Reduced vision
What are the causes of uveitis?
Inflammation of the iris - trauma, infections, neoplasia.
What are the signs of uveitis?
Painful red eye
Photophobia
Pupil contracted
Colour change in iris
What is keratoconjunctivitis sicca also known as?
Dry eye
What are the signs of dry eye?
Sticky purulent discharge
Corneal ulceration
What are the causes of dry eye?
Reduced tear production.
Inflammation.
Immune mediated or some drugs.
What are the causes of cataracts?
Inherited, damage or degenerative changes to the lens which allow water to enter the lens capsule.
Prolonged hyperglycaemia - diabetes mellitus.
What are the signs of cataracts?
Opacity seen in eye.
Poor night vision.
What drugs are commonly used in treatment of eye conditions?
Artificial tears
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
Fluorescein
Cyclosporin
Miotics
Mydriatics
What is chemosis?
Oedema of the conjunctiva - bulges outwards.
What is ectropian?
Outward scrolling of the lower eyelids.
What is entropian?
The inward scrolling of eyelids.
What is distichiasis?
Double row of eye lashes - rub on cornea.
