RESPIRATORY Flashcards
Define rhinitis.
Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose.
Define sinusitis.
Inflammation of the lining of the sinuses.
Define laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx.
Define tonsillitis
Inflammation of the tonsils.
Define pharyngitis.
Inflammation of the pharynx.
Define pneumonia.
Inflammation of lungs & airways.
Bacterial/viral infection.
Define pleurisy.
Inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs.
Term used for nasal haemorrhage?
Epistaxis
Term used for difficulty of breathing?
Dyspnoea
Term used for cessation of breathing?
Apnoea
Term used for an increased respiratory rate?
Tachypnoea
Define orthopnoea
More severe dyspnoea.
The animal requires specific positional orientation in order to breathe.
Define cyanosis
Blue mucous membranes due to a lack of oxygen.
What is pneumothorax?
Occurs when air accumulates in the pleural space.
What is haemothorax?
Accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.
What is hydrothorax?
Accumulation of serous fluid in the pleural cavity.
What is chylothorax?
Accumulation of chyle in the pleural cavity.
What is pyothorax?
Accumulation of puss in the pleural cavity.
What is pulmonary oedema?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
Define acute respiratory disease/distress.
A failure of the lungs to oxygenate blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body.
Name some causes of acute respiratory distress.
Trauma
Airway obstruction
Paralysis of respiratory muscles
Poisoning
Gastric torsion
Pulmonary embolism
Neoplasia
Anaesthesia
Pneumonia
What is COPD -
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Long term condition that affects the lower respiratory system.
Affects the bronchi, bronchioles & sometimes the alveoli.
Results in persistent inflammation causing blockages & resulting in reactive changes in the lungs.
Name a few conditions causing COPD
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Pulmonary oedema
Feline asthma
Lungworm
Neoplasia
Dental disease
Air pollutants
Clinical signs of COPD
Productive or non-productive cough
Wheezing
Tachypnoea
Exercise intolerance
Cyanosis
Syncope
What is Laryngeal paralysis?
Muscles that hold the larynx open during inspiration become paralysed and the larynx collapses as the dog tries to breathe in.
Clinical signs of laryngeal paralysis.
Marked dyspnoea
Stridor on inspiration (audible whistling noise)
Exercise intolerance
Cyanosis
Hyperthermia
What is BOAS?
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.
Caused by airway obstruction secondary to the abnormal anatomy.
