ONCOLOGY NURSING Flashcards
What is a tumour?
A lump made up of cells - which grow & divide in an uncontrolled way.
What are the 2 types of tumours?
Benign and malignant.
What are the characteristics of a benign tumour?
Grow slowly.
Do NOT metastasise.
Are well circumscribed.
Rarely cause a problem.
Do not kill the animal.
What are the characteristics of a malignant tumour?
Grow quickly.
Invasive.
Metastasise.
Kill the animal.
What is a lipoma?
Very common benign mass made up of fat cells.
Majority are located just under the skin anywhere in the body.
What is a liposarcoma?
Uncommon malignant tumours that originate from immature and mature fat cells in older dogs.
Usually firm and poorly circumscribed.
Locally invasive with low metastatic potential.
What is a cutaneous histiocytoma?
Common benign tumour of histiocytes.
Histiocyte is a normal immune cell.
What are benign thyroid tumours referred to as?
Adenomas
What are malignant thyroid tumours referred to as?
Carcinomas/adenocarcinomas.
What happens when a dog has a thyroid tumours that is malignant but is nonfunctional?
They do not cause excessive thyroid hormone production.
What happens when a cat has a thyroid tumour that is benign but is functional?
They produce and cause an excess of circulating thyroid hormone causing hyperthyroidism.
What can a mammary tumour be caused by?
Either -
The gland, adenoma/adenocarcinoma
Or
A mixture of different tissues, a mixed mammary tumour.
What is an osteosarcoma?
Malignant bone tumours - especially in large dogs.
Found at the ends of the main limbs bones.
What is a haemangiosarcoma?
Malignant tumours derived from the cells lining blood vessels.
Locally aggressive.
Found in - skin, spleen, liver, heart.
What is a transitional cell carcinoma?
(TCC)
Malignant tumour of the urinary bladder.
What is a squamous cell carcinoma?
Tumour that looks like an ulcer.
Found in mouth or nose.
Malignant.
What is lymphoma?
Malignant tumour of lymph nodes.
Enlarged lymph nodes without infection being present.
What different methods are there to diagnose a tumour?
Wedge biopsy
Punch biopsy
TruCut needle biopsy
Exfoliative cytology
Bone marrow biopsy
What are the main treatment options?
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Cryotherapy
Chemotherapy
