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Medical Histology > Special Sense - Eye > Flashcards

Special Sense - Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve is responsible for the constriction of the pupil?

A

Occulomotor n. (PSNS)

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1
Q

List the ten layers of the retina photosensitive area

A

Pigment cell layer, layer of rods/cones, outer limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear, inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer, layer of optic nerve, inner limiting membrane

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2
Q

When are rods used?

A

Low light levels, black/white vision

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3
Q

When are cones used?

A

Light sensitive, high visual acuity, color vision

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4
Q

The site where the optic nerve emerges from the retina is referred to by what terms?

A

Optic disc, optic papilla, blind spot

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5
Q

Which two layers fuse to create the retina in the embryo?

A

Outer pigment layer, inner nervous layer

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6
Q

The (x) is continuous with the (y) mater which surrounds the optic nerve

A

Sclera (x), dura (y)

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7
Q

Abnormal aqueous humor drainage and increased intraoccular pressure is characteristic of what pathology?

A

Glaucoma

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8
Q

What are the layers of the eye (not including the vitreous body)

A

Outer fibrous, middle vascular, inner nervous layer

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9
Q

Trace the pathway of light in order for vision to take place

A

Cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, viterous body, retina

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10
Q

What is Tenon’s space and what does it allow the eye to do?

A

Space between episcleral layer and substantia propria, provides site for eye muscle attachment, allows eye to freely rotate

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the cornea?

A

Opthalmic n. (V1)

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12
Q

List and describe the layers of the cornea

A

Anterior corneal epithelium (StSq, microvilli), Bowman’s membrane (collagen fibers, no cells), corneal stroma (regular arrangement of tropocollagen type I, III, V, VI), Descemet’s membrane, corneal endothelium (SiSq)

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13
Q

List and describe the layes of the choroid

A

Retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch’s membrane (collagen, elastic fibers), vascular choroid (incomplete fenestrations, supply outer few layers of retina), loose CT

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14
Q

What functions does the retinal pigment layer possess?

A

Esterification of vitamin A, synthesize melanin, phagocytose shed tips of rods/cones, blood-retinal barrier

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15
Q

Muller cells serve to support (x), extending from the (y) to the (z)

A

Retinal neurons/fibers (x), external limiting membrane (y), internal limiting membrane (z)

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16
Q

Besides rods, cones and Muller cells, what cells are present in the retina?

A

Bipolar, ganglion, horizontal, amacrine cells

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17
Q

What structure can be described as a shallow depression just lateral to the optic disc and possesses the zone of greatest acuity?

A

Fovea centralis

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18
Q

What structure can be described as a yellow pigmented zone which surrounds the fovea centralis?

A

Macula lutea

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19
Q

What are the two basic layers of the retina?

A

Outer retinal pigment epithelium, inner sensory retina (neural retina)

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20
Q

Would the body mount an immune response to a corneal transplant? Why or why not?

A

No, no vasculature in cornea

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21
Q

What is the function of corneal endothelium?

A

Dehydrate corneal stroma to allow for clear vision

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22
Q

Separation of the outer pigment and inner nervous layer during embryogenesis results in what pathology?

A

Retinal detachment

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23
Q

If retinal detachment is not repaired, what may result?

A

Degeneration of rods/cones

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24
Q

If resistance is noted within the aqueous humor drainage system, what pathology may occur?

A

Increased intraoccular pressure

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25
Q

What is the normal intraoccular pressure?

A

10-22 mmHg

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26
Q

As the sclera is an extension of the dura mater, it is made up of what type of CT?

A

Dense CT (collagen type I, elastic fibers)

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27
Q

What are the layers of the sclera?

A

Episcleral layer, substantia propria, suprachoroidal lamina

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28
Q

This structure of the eye can be described as a posterior limiting lamina made of homogenous collagen filaments

A

Descemet’s membrane

29
Q

Describe the structures incorporated into the ciliary body

A

Epithelium (pigmented, non-pigmented), stroma (loose CT), ciliary muscles (ciliaris)

30
Q

What does the ciliary process produce?

A

Aqueous humor

31
Q

The retina is derived from which embryonic layer?

32
Q

The (x) of light sensitive photoreceptor discs are made up of (y)

A

Outer segment (x), modified cilia (y)

33
Q

The pigment in rods is termed (x) while in cones it is termed (y)

A

Rhodopsin (x), iodopsin (y)

34
Q

What is the function of horizontal cells of the retina?

A

Establish contact between photoreceptors

35
Q

What is the function of amacrine cells of the retina?

A

Establish contact between ganglion cells

36
Q

Which photoreceptors are present in the fovea centralis?

A

Predominantly cones

37
Q

In which chamber(s) or the eye is aqueous humor located?

A

Anterior (cornea/iris) and posterior (lens/iris) chambers

38
Q

The outer fibrous layer of the eye is made up of which structures?

A

Sclera, cornea

39
Q

The middle vascular layer of the eye is made up of which structures?

A

Iris, ciliary body, choroid

40
Q

T/F: Light passes through the iris in order to be received by the retina

41
Q

What occurs at the Canal of Schlemm and why is it important?

A

Sclerocorneal junction, aqueous humor is drained into ciliary veins

42
Q

T/F: Blood vessels are not found in the cornea

43
Q

List the parts of the middle vascular layer of the eye from anterior to posterior

A

Iris > ciliary body > choroid

44
Q

What purpose do the pigmented cells possess?

A

Absorb stray light rays

45
Q

The vascular middle layer of the eye is (x), (y) and made up up of (z)

A

Pigmented (x), vascular (y), loose CT (z)

46
Q

Ciliary processes bind (x) between the ciliary body and (y)

A

Suspensory ligaments (x), lens (y)

47
Q

Which layer of the ciliary process is non-pigmented?

A

Inner layer

48
Q

The (x) delineates the anterior from the posterior chamber of the eye

49
Q

What structures are present in the iris stroma?

A

Collagen, fibroblasts, melanocytes

50
Q

What structures are present on the anterior surface of the iris?

A

Incomplete fenestrations, stellate fibroblasts

51
Q

What structures are present on the posterior surface of the iris?

A

Inner (pigmented), epithelium, outer epithelium (+dilator pupillae, myoepithelial cells)

52
Q

Which muscle is responsible for circular contraction of the pupil?

A

Sphincter pupillae

53
Q

What purpose do melanocytes play within the iris?

A

Prevent distortion of image formation by scattered light

54
Q

T/F: The anterior portion of the retina is photosensitive

55
Q

The anterior retina lines the (x) aspect of the ciliary body and (y) surface of the iris

A

Inner (x), posterior (y)

56
Q

The external basement membrane of the retina fuses with what?

A

Bruch’s membrane

57
Q

T/F: Pigment epithelial cells of the retina possess microvilli

58
Q

Light sensitive (x) are stacked and present in both (y) and (z) segments

A

Photoreceptor discs (x), outer (y), inner (z)

59
Q

Tips of (x) are embedded in the microvilli of pigmented epithelial cells with the inner segments containiing copious amounts of (y)

A

Rods and cones (x), mitochondria (y)

60
Q

(x) are thicker and shorter than (y) in the photosensory portion of the retina

A

Cones (x), rods (y)

61
Q

(x) cells possess junctional complexes with rods/cones and extend from the outer limiting membrane

A

Muller cell

62
Q

What structures are present in the outer nuclear layer in the retina?

A

Cell bodies of rods/cones

63
Q

What structures are present in the outer plexiform laye in the retinar?

A

Processes of retinal rods/cones/bipolar cells

64
Q

What structures are present in the inner nuclear layer in the retina?

A

Cell bodies of horizontal, amacrine, bipolar and Muller cells

65
Q

What structures are present in the inner plexiform layer in the retina?

A

Processes of amacrine, bipolar and ganglion cells

66
Q

What structures are present in the ganglion cell layer of the retina?

A

Cell bodies of ganglion cells

67
Q

What structures are present in the layer of optic nerve fibers of the retina?

A

Processes of ganglion cells that lead from retina to brain

68
Q

What structures are present in the inner limiting membrane?

A

Basal lamina of Muller cells

69
Q

T/F: Photoreceptors are present in the blind spot

Medical Histology (11 decks)

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