Lymphatic System Flashcards
The tonsilar capsule is lined tightly by a lateral structure which functions to do what?
Protect deep structures of pharynx/neck (e.g. nerves)
What general actions are T cells responsible for?
Destorying antigens, activating B cells
What two type of lymphoid material are present in the body?
Tissue and organs
What are the three types of lymphoid tissue present in the body?
Loose, dense and nodular
What are the two subtypes of nodular lymphoid tissue?
Solitary and aggregate nodular lymphoid tissue
What is the main distinguising factor between loose and dense lymphoid tissue?
Few (loose) and many (dense) lymphocytes present
What mechanism is behind a germinal center’s pale appearance?
Proliferating B cells expand, creating more space between nuclei (leading to more pale appearance)
T/F: Germinal centers are not present in the thymus
True
Explain the structures present to create the blood-thymus barrier
Supportive thymic epithelial reticular cells, desmosomes, continuous blood vessels
What is the name of the unique structure found in the thymic medulla?
Hassall corpuscle
What section of the thymus do T cells mature and migrate into the blood?
Medulla
Name the function(s) of lymph nodes
Filter lymph, aid in mounting immune response
T/F: Lymphoid follicles can be found within a lymph node’s cortex
True
Trace lymphatic drainage beginning with afferent lymphatic vessels
Afferent lymphatic vessel > subcapsular sinus > trabecular sinus > medullary sinus > efferent lymphatic vessel
What cells are present in the paracortex?
T cells
Name the function(s) of the spleen
Filter blood, start immune response to blood borne antigen
Splenic white pulp nodules exhibit a peripheral zone around their central arteriole termed what?
Periarterial lymphatic sheath (PALS)
What type of cell resides in PALS?
T cell
What structure resides at the center of PALS?
Central arteriole
What occurs if an RBC cannot re-enter the venous sinusoid?
Destroyed by resident macrophage
What occurs in each splenic circulation theory?
Open - blood vessel terminates in red pulp, closed - vessels are continuous
Name the four tonsils
Tubal, pharyngeal, palantine, lingual
Where do all lymphocytes originate?
Bone marrow
T/F: All lymphocytes reach full maturity and immunocompetency in the bone marrow
False
T/F: Immunocompetent B cells are activated against a specific antigen
True
What are the primary lymphoid organs?
Bone marrow, thymus
What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsil
Lymphatic vessels enter though a lymph node’s (x) and exit through it’s (y)
Afferent lymphatic vessel, efferent lymphatic vessel
What structures are present between follicles in the outer cortex of a lymph node?
T cells, reticular cells, macrophages, APCs
What type of blood vessels ar present in the deep cortex and lymph node medulla to allow for lymphocytes to enter the blood stream?
High endothelial venule (HEVs)
What types of cells are generally present in lymph node medullary cords?
B cells, plasma cells, macrophages
What types of cells are generally present in lymph node medullary sinuses?
Macrophages, reticular cells, granulocytes (during infection)
PALS occurs in which pulp?
White
What two general structures are present in splenic red pulp?
Splenic cords (of Billroth), splenis (venous) sinuses
What structures do natural killer cells attack?
Virally infected cells, cancerous cells
What cell gives rise to a pluripotent stem cell?
Yolk sac cells
What cells are present in the cortex of the thymus?
Lymphocytes, supportive reticular cells
What cells are present in the medulla of the thymus?
Mature/Immunocompetent T cells, remnants of ERCs
Lymphatic nodules are primarily made of what type of cell?
B cells