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HG&D > Special Needs and Inclusive Education > Flashcards

Special Needs and Inclusive Education Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by special needs and inclusive education?

A

Educational policies and practices designed to provide equal learning opportunities to all students

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2
Q

What does SEN (Special Educational Needs) include?

A

A wide range of learning, emotional, physical, and developmental conditions that affect a child’s ability to engage in the same learning activities as their peers

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3
Q

What are examples of difficulties in children with special needs?

A
  • Reading and writing
  • Understanding information
  • Concentrating
  • Physical mobility
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4
Q

What are the four categories of SEN?

A
  • Communication and interaction
  • Cognition and learning
  • Social, Emotional and Mental health difficulties
  • Sensory and/or physical needs
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5
Q

What falls under the ‘communication and interaction’ category of SEN?

A

Issues like autism spectrum disorders or speech and language impairments that affect a child’s ability to interact, communicate, and understand others

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6
Q

What falls under the ‘cognition and learning’ category of SEN?

A

Specific learning difficulties such as dyslexia, dyspraxia, and ADHD can impact a child’s ability to process information and stay focused

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6
Q

What falls under the ‘sensory and/or physical needs’ category of SEN?

A

Includes physical disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, and sensory impairments, like hearing or vision impairments, that require special adaptations in the classroom

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7
Q

What falls under the ‘social, emotional and mental health difficulties’ category of SEN?

A

Covers a range of emotional and mental health issues that can affect how a child learns and engages in school (Anxiety, depression, behavioral disorders)

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8
Q

What is the aim of the inclusive education program launched in 2010?

A

To integrate students with mild to moderate disabilities into mainstream classrooms

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9
Q

What are the types of SEN (Special Educational Needs) support?

A
  • Special Education Schools
  • Integration program
  • Resource centers
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10
Q

What are special education schools?

A

Schools that cater specifically to students with significant needs that cannot be adequately addressed in a mainstream environment. They offer tailored curricula and specialised support

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11
Q

What is an integration program?

A

It involves placing children with SEN in mainstream schools where they receive the necessary support from special education teachers while participating in general education classes as much as possible

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12
Q

What is a SEN resource center?

A

Located within mainstream schools, these provide additional support and resources for SEN students integrated into regular classes. They serve as a hub for specialist teachers and therapists

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13
Q

Define inclusive education

A

The practice of educating children with special needs in regular classrooms alongside peers without special needs. The principle behind this is that all children should learn together, regardless of any barriers they may have

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13
Q

What are the key principles of special needs and inclusive education?

A
  • Accessibility
  • Individualisation
  • Equity
  • Participation
  • Collaboration
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14
Q

What are the goals of inclusive education?

A

To create a society that values diversity and inclusion

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15
Q

In the educational context, how do you create a society that values diversity and inclusion?

A

Providing a supportive and accommodating environment where:
- All students feel valued and included
- Differences are respected and seen as a source of strength
- Every student can reach their potential

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16
Q

What are the benefits of inclusive education for children?

A

Not only beneficial for children with special needs; it enriches the educational experience of all students, fostering a sense of community, empathy and mutual respect among a diverse student body

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17
Q

How do you identify developmental delays?

A

When a child does not meet their developmental milestones at the expected times

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18
Q

What are signs and symptoms of physical (motor) developmental delays?

A

Struggling with fine motor skills like grasping toys, or gross motor skills like crawling, walking, or jumping

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19
Q

What are signs and symptoms of cognitive developmental delays?

A

Difficulty in problem-solving or playing with toys in an age-appropriate way

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20
Q

What are signs and symptoms of communication developmental delays?

A

Limited speech or vocabulary compared to children of the same age, or problems with understanding and using language

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21
Q

What are signs and symptoms of social/emotional developmental delays?

A

Challenges in interacting with peers, limited interest in social play, difficulties in reading social cues, or managing emotions appropriately

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22
Q

What are signs and symptoms of behavioral developmental delays?

A

Difficulty in managing impulses or exhibiting behaviours that are not typical for the child’s age

23
Q

What are the screening and assessment processes in identifying developmental delays?

A
  • Routine screenings (involves a series of questions and observations that help identify children who might be at risk of developmental delays
  • Standardised developmental tools
  • Professional evaluation
24
Q

What is early intervention?

A

A system of services that help babies and young children with developmental delays or disabilities. They’re designed to identify and meet children’s needs before they become more challenging

25
Q

What are examples of services used in early intervention?

A
  • Speech therapy
  • Physical therapy
  • Occupational therapy
  • Developmental education
26
Q

What are the key components of the early test?

A
  • Timely identification (early detection of developmental issues)
  • Individualised family service plan (IFSP)
  • Family involvement
  • Interdisciplinary teams
27
Q

What is an individualised family service plan? (IFSP)

A

It’s a plan tailored to the child and family’s needs, outlining the early intervention services the child will receive

28
Q

Why is parental involvement important with developmental delays?

A

They’re a central role to early intervention. Services are designed to teach families how to effectively support their child’s development

28
Q

What are interdisciplinary teams?

A
  • Pediatricians
  • Speech and language therapists
  • Occupational therapists
  • Physical therapists
  • Early intervention specialists
29
Q

What are the benefits of early intervention?

A
  • Improved developmental outcomes
  • Reduced need for specialised services
  • Support for families
  • Economic benefits
30
Q

Why is it important to create awareness in the community about SEN?

A

To foster a supportive and inclusive community

31
Q

What are the challenges in resource allocation for SEN?

A

Ensuring that funding, materials and human resources are available remains a challenge. The effectiveness of SEN programs often depends on the availability of these resources

32
Q

What are strategies for inclusive classrooms?

A
  • Universal Design for Learning (UDL)
  • Differentiated Instruction
  • Positive behavioral interventions and supports
  • Collaborative teamwork
  • Inclusive classroom climate
  • Parent and community engagement
33
Q

What is UDL? (Universal Design for Learning)

A

A framework to improve and optimise teaching and learning for all people based on scientific insights into how humans learn

34
Q

What does UDL suggest? (Universal Design for Learning)

A
  • Multiple means of representation
  • Multiple means of action and expression
  • Multiple means of engagement
35
Q

What are multiple means of representation in UDL?

A

Provide information in different ways to cater to diverse learners (Eg: visual aids, verbal instructions, and hands-on activities)

36
Q

What are multiple means of action and expression in UDL?

A

Allow students different ways to demonstrate what they know (Eg: Through speech, written words, video or physical project)

37
Q

What are multiple means of engagement in UDL?

A

Tap into students’ interests, offer appropriate challenges, and increase motivation by providing choices in how they engage with the material

38
Q

What is the differentiated instruction approach?

A

Where teachers proactively modify the curriculum, teaching methods, resources, learning activities, and student products to address the diverse needs of individual students and small groups to maximise the learning opportunity for each student in the classroom

39
Q

What are the different types of differentiation in differentiated instruction?

A
  • Content differentiation
  • Process differentiation
  • Product differentiation
40
Q

What is content differentiation?

A

Adjusting what students learn. Introduce concepts at varying levels of difficulty, or through different mediums (texts, videos, hands-on activities)

41
Q

What is process differentiation?

A

Altering how students get the information and make sense of ideas. This might include using varied group strategies, like cooperative learning and independent study

42
Q

What is product differentiation?

A

Modifying how students can demonstrate their learning. For example, some write on a paper, create a video or build a model

43
Q

What are examples of positive behaviour interventions and supports?

A
  • Clear expectations
  • Recognition
  • Consistent consequences
44
Q

How can an inclusive classroom climate be created?

A
  • Awareness and inclusion of diverse cultural backgrounds
  • Give activities that promote interaction between all students
  • Teach and model respect and understanding in every situation
45
Q

Why are speech delays concerning?

A

It may affect a child’s ability to:
- Communicate effectively
- Socialise with others
- Succeed academically

45
Q

How do you engage parents and the community in children’s education?

A
  • Regular updates on their child’s progress and involvement in the educational process
  • Encourage parents and community members to participate in classroom activities and events
46
Q

What is autism?

A

A complex developmental condition that involves persistent challenges in social interaction, speech and nonverbal communication, and restricted/repetitive behaviours

47
Q

What does ADHD stand for?

A

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

48
Q

What is ADHD?

A

A neurological disorder characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development

49
Q

What are symptoms of ADHD?

A

Inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity

50
Q

What is cerebral palsy?

A

Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. The most common motor disability in childhood

51
Q

What causes cerebral palsy?

A

Abnormal brain development of damage to the developing brain that affects a person’s ability to control their muscles

52
Q

How is cerebral palsy categorised?

A

Based on the type of movement issues and the parts of the body affected

53
Q

What are the categories of cerebral palsy?

A
  • Spastic cerebral palsy
  • Dyskinetic cerebral palsy
  • Ataxic cerebral palsy
  • Mixed cerebral palsy
53
Q

What is global developmental delay? (GDD)

A

A term used to describe where children experience significant delays in two or more developmental domains

54
Q

When is GDD diagnosed? (Global developmental delay)

A

When a child doesn’t reach developmental milestones at the expected times during the developmental period

HG&D (13 decks)

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