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HG&D > Child Development Theories > Flashcards

Child Development Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What is child development?

A

A complex process that includes changes across various domains, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth

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2
Q

Name some of the most influential theories

A
  • Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
  • Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
  • Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
  • Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
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3
Q

How does a child’s personality develop based on Sigmund Freud?

A

According to Freud, the child’s personality develops depending on how their needs are met during each stage of a child’s sexual energies

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4
Q

What are the stages in Sigmund Freud’s theory?

A
  • Oral (Birth to 1 year)
  • Anal (1 year to 3 years)
  • Phallic (3 years to 6 years)
  • Latency (6 years to puberty)
  • Genital (Puberty to adulthood)
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5
Q

Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the ORAL stage

A

Focus: Mouth, lips, tongue
Activities: Sucking and eating
Key conflict: Weaning, the process of transitioning from breast or bottle feeding to solid food

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6
Q

Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the ANAL stage

A

Focus: Anus
Activities: Bowel and bladder control
Key conflict: Toilet training

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7
Q

Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the PHALLIC stage

A

Focus: Genital area
Activities: Identifying with same-sex parents
Key conflict: OEDIPUS complex (in boys) and ELECTRA complex (in girls), attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent

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8
Q

Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the LATENCY stage

A

Focus: Dormant sexual feelings
Activities: Expanding social contacts beyond immediate family
Key conflict: Energy is focused on social interactions, learning and hobbies. Successful navigation of this stage leads to well-adjusted social skills

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9
Q

Name the focus and activities of the GENITAL stage

A

Focus: Mature sexual interests
Activities: The establishment of mature sexual relationships

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10
Q

What is Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?

A

A comprehensive framework that outlines the stages of human development from infancy to old age, focusing on the social and emotional dimensions of a person’s life

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11
Q

What is the basic conflict for infancy in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Trust vs Mistrust

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12
Q

What is the basic conflict for early childhood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

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13
Q

What is the basic conflict for play age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Initiative vs Guilt

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14
Q

What is the basic conflict for school age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Industry vs Inferiority

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15
Q

What is the basic conflict for adolescence in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Identity vs Confusion

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16
Q

What is the basic conflict for early adulthood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Intimacy vs Isolation

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17
Q

What is the basic conflict for middle age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Generativity vs Stagnation

18
Q

What is the basic conflict for old age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Integrity vs Despair

19
Q

What is the virtue for infancy in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Hope

20
Q

What is the virtue for early childhood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Will

21
Q

What is the virtue for play age` in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Purpose

22
Q

What is the virtue for school age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Competence

23
Q

What is the virtue for adolescence in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Fidelity

24
Q

What is the virtue for early adulthood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Love

25
Q

What is the virtue for middle age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Care

26
Q

What is the virtue for old age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?

A

Wisdom

27
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for infancy?

A

Feeding

28
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for early childhood?

A

Toilet training

29
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for preschool?

A

Exploration

30
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for school age?

A

School

31
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for adolescence?

A

Social relationships

32
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for young adulthood?

A

Relationships

33
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for middle age?

A

Work and parenthood

34
Q

What is the important event listed in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory for maturity? (65 years and older)

A

Reflection on life

35
Q

What is Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

A

A framework that describes the mental processes how individuals acquire knowledge and understanding

36
Q

What’s the difference between nature and nurture?

A

Nature: Genetic influence and biological determinism. Genetic factors inherited from biological parents play a significant role in traits like intelligence, personality and certain physical characteristics

Nurture: Environmental influence and behaviorism perspective. The development stems from environmental factors, including upbringing, social interactions, cultural influences, education and experiences

37
Q

What is the Lev Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory?

A

The role of social interaction and cultural context in the development of cognitive abilities

38
Q

State the key concepts of the sociocultural theory

A
  • Social interaction
  • Language’s role in cognitive development
  • Cultural tools: eg, language and mathematical symbols
  • Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
  • Scaffolding
39
Q

Why did Lev Vygotsky believe language had a role in cognitive development?

A

He believed that internal speech (thought) originates from external speech through social interaction. Initially separate systems from the beginning of life, merging around three years of age

40
Q

What is scaffolding?

A

The support to help a learner move through their ZPD. Support is gradually reduced as learner becomes more competent, fostering independence

HG&D (13 decks)

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