Child Development Theories Flashcards
What is child development?
A complex process that includes changes across various domains, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth
Name some of the most influential theories
- Freud’s Psychosexual Stages
- Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
- Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory
- Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory
How does a child’s personality develop based on Sigmund Freud?
According to Freud, the child’s personality develops depending on how their needs are met during each stage of a child’s sexual energies
What are the stages in Sigmund Freud’s theory?
- Oral (Birth to 1 year)
- Anal (1 year to 3 years)
- Phallic (3 years to 6 years)
- Latency (6 years to puberty)
- Genital (Puberty to adulthood)
Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the ORAL stage
Focus: Mouth, lips, tongue
Activities: Sucking and eating
Key conflict: Weaning, the process of transitioning from breast or bottle feeding to solid food
Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the ANAL stage
Focus: Anus
Activities: Bowel and bladder control
Key conflict: Toilet training
Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the PHALLIC stage
Focus: Genital area
Activities: Identifying with same-sex parents
Key conflict: OEDIPUS complex (in boys) and ELECTRA complex (in girls), attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent
Name the focus, activities and key conflict of the LATENCY stage
Focus: Dormant sexual feelings
Activities: Expanding social contacts beyond immediate family
Key conflict: Energy is focused on social interactions, learning and hobbies. Successful navigation of this stage leads to well-adjusted social skills
Name the focus and activities of the GENITAL stage
Focus: Mature sexual interests
Activities: The establishment of mature sexual relationships
What is Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development theory?
A comprehensive framework that outlines the stages of human development from infancy to old age, focusing on the social and emotional dimensions of a person’s life
What is the basic conflict for infancy in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Trust vs Mistrust
What is the basic conflict for early childhood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
What is the basic conflict for play age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Initiative vs Guilt
What is the basic conflict for school age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Industry vs Inferiority
What is the basic conflict for adolescence in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Identity vs Confusion
What is the basic conflict for early adulthood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Intimacy vs Isolation
What is the basic conflict for middle age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Generativity vs Stagnation
What is the basic conflict for old age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Integrity vs Despair
What is the virtue for infancy in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Hope
What is the virtue for early childhood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Will
What is the virtue for play age` in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Purpose
What is the virtue for school age in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Competence
What is the virtue for adolescence in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Fidelity
What is the virtue for early adulthood in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory?
Love
