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HG&D > Preschooler Cognitive Development > Flashcards

Preschooler Cognitive Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two critical areas of cognitive development for preschoolers?

A
  • Piaget’s concrete operational stage
  • Their literacy and numeracy development
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2
Q

What are the advancements in cognitive development in the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Begin to think logically about concrete events
  • Gain a better understanding on the concept of conservation
  • Improved categorisation skills
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3
Q

What is the early logical thinking in preschoolers?

A
  • Starts to understand the idea of cause-and-effect more clearly
  • Begin to apply logic to physical objects around them (reasoning is still very concrete)
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4
Q

What are some teaching strategies effective for the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Hands-on learning
  • Use of concrete examples before abstract thinking
  • Encouragement of logical thinking
  • Group work
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5
Q

How does hands-on learning benefit concrete operational children?

A

Hands-on activities allow them to manipulate and explore real objects

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6
Q

How do you encourage logical thinking?

A

Activities that promote problem-solving and logical thinking
- Puzzles
- Classifying and ordering tasks
- Simple math problems

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7
Q

How does group work benefit children in the concrete operational stage?

A
  • Encourages children to see different perspectives
  • Supports the development of decentralisation and conservation skills
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8
Q

What are key points in literacy development?

A
  • Phonemic awareness
  • Letter knowledge
  • Emergent reading and writing
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9
Q

What are signs that a child has phonemic awareness?

A
  • Begins to recognise that words are made up of small sound units (phonemes)
  • Starts experimenting with rhyming, which enhances their phonemic awareness
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10
Q

What are signs a child has letter knowledge?

A

They learn to recognise the letters of the alphabet and may understand that each letter has its own sound

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11
Q

What are signs of emergent reading and writing?

A
  • Might pretend to read books by narrating the story from memory
  • Begin to scribble, which eventually leads to drawing and writing recognisable letters and words
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12
Q

What are key points in numeracy development?

A
  • Number sense
  • Problem solving
  • Pattern recognition
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13
Q

What are signs a child has number sense?

A
  • They develop an understanding of numbers and their relationships
  • Start to count objects
  • Understand “more than” & “less than” concepts
  • Recognise numbers in their environment
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14
Q

What are signs a child has problem-solving skills?

A

They engage in basic problem-solving activities using objects, which might involve simple addition or subtraction, often through play

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15
Q

Why is it important for a child to have pattern recognition?

A

Recognising and creating patterns are crucial cognitive skills that help with the development of mathematical thinking

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16
Q

What are important cognitive milestones for 4 year olds?

A
  • Uses complete sentences and understands simple instructions
  • Grasps basic concepts of time and recognises categories
  • Can remember parts of a story and enjoys repetitive storytelling
  • Engages in imaginative play, mimicking adults and daily tasks
17
Q

What are important cognitive milestones for 5 year olds?

A
  • Frequently asks “why” & “how” questions to explore their world
  • Can count to at least ten and starts understanding counting objects
  • understands order of daily routines and can follow a series of directions
  • Begins to problem solve through trial and error
18
Q

What are important cognitive milestones for 6 year olds?

A
  • Uses more complex sentences and significantly increases vocabulary
  • Follows complex rules in games and classifies objects by multiple features
  • Shows understanding of past and future, discussing events with detail
  • Understands basic math concepts (simple addition and subtraction) as well as counting beyond ten
19
Q

How do you support cognitive development?

A

Create a nurturing environment filled with educational opportunities that encourage exploration and learning

20
Q

How can reading be made interactive?

A
  • Regularly read, discussing the story, asking questions and encouraging them to predict what will happen next (improves vocabulary & enhances comprehension skills and imagination)
  • Encourage children to tell their own stories or retell stories from books in their own words (supports narrative skills and creativity)
21
Q

What are the types of engaging play?

A
  • Structured play
  • Unstructured play (free play)
22
Q

How do you encourage structured play?

A

Use games and toys that are designed to teach specific skills,
- Puzzles: problem-solving
- Building blocks: Spatial skills
- Matching games: Memory and recognition

23
Q

What are some examples of problem-solving activities?

A
  • Encouraging questions
  • Simple Science experiments
24
Q

How do you encourage children to ask questions?

A

Foster a curiosity-driven environment where children feel comfortable asking questions and exploring answers, providing safe opportunities to experiment and discover

25
Q

What are some examples of simple science experiments?

A

Conduct basic science activities that allow children to explore concepts like cause and effect (eg: what happens when you mix colours or float and sink tests)

26
Q

What are some examples of math and number activities?

A
  • Counting games (Incorporate counting into daily activities like counting toys during cleanup, or counting steps while walking)
  • Introduce simple math concepts of more or less, bigger an smaller, and basic addition and subtraction through everyday activities
27
Q

How do you support language development?

A
  • Provide a language-rich environment (conversations, songs, rhymes, reading)
  • Introduce new vocabulary and explain the meaning of new words in context to help them understand and use these words in conversation
28
Q

How do you support cognitive development at this stage? (concrete operational)

A

Provide engaging, age-appropriate activities that promote learning through play, exploration and social interaction

29
Q

What are effective ways in enhancing cognitive skills?

A
  • Reading stories
  • Playing counting games
  • Encouraging questions
30
Q

What can help children feel secure and open to learning?

A

Provide a stable, supportive environment with consistent routines

HG&D (13 decks)

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