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HG&D > Infant social and emotional development > Flashcards

Infant social and emotional development Flashcards

1
Q

Why is social and emotional development important?

A

It impacts how individuals understand themselves, interact with others, manage emotions, and navigate social environments

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2
Q

What is social development?

A

How we learn to interact with others. It incudes learning the skills needed to make friends, communicate and follow rules

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3
Q

How is social development important to make friends?

A

To understand how to make and keep friends, involving things like sharing, cooperating and listening

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4
Q

How is social development important to communicate?

A

Knowing how to talk to others, understanding body language and respecting the opinions of others

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5
Q

How is social development important to follow rules?

A

Knowing how to behave in different social situations, like understanding the rules in a classroom, participating in team sports or acting at a job

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6
Q

What is emotional development?

A

To understand and manage our own feelings, as well as recognising and responding to the emotions of others. It includes identifying, expressing and managing emotions

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7
Q

How is emotional development important to identifying emotions?

A

To recognise different feelings in ourselves or others; anger, happiness, sadness, etc

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8
Q

How is emotional development important to expressing emotions?

A

Learning appropriate ways to show emotions (eg: expressing anger in a calm or constructive way instead of yelling or hitting)

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9
Q

How is emotional development important to managing emotions?

A

Developing strategies to deal with emotions; taking deep breaths when angry, finding activities that calm us down, seeking help when overwhelmed

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10
Q

How is social and emotional development linked?

A

Effectively managing emotions help to interact better with others. Successful social interactions improve emotional health

For example, resolving conflicts with friends can help us feel happier and more secure. Being able to express our feelings clearly can lead to stronger relationships and better teamwork

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11
Q

How do we support social and emotional development?

A
  • Create a safe environment: Children are more likely to express and explore when they feel secure
  • Be a good role model
  • Encourage interaction
  • Encourage talking about their own feelings and those of others
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12
Q

Name the key stages and components involved in this developmental process during early childhood

A
  • Attachment and trust
  • Self-awareness
  • Emotional regulation
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13
Q

How is attachment and trust important in the development during early childhood?

A

Crucial for the child to explore the world and engage with peers

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14
Q

Name the key stages and components involved in this developmental process during middle childhood

A
  • Social skills: Peer relationships influence self-esteem & social learning
  • Empathy and understanding: Enhances their ability to develop deeper friendships
  • Self-concept: A more defined understanding of self
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15
Q

Name the key stages and components involved in this developmental process during adolescence

A
  • Identity formation: They explore various roles to form a personal identity, influenced by peers, family and broader societal expectations
  • Emotional complexity: Due to hormonal changes and greater cognitive capabilities
  • Autonomy: Forming one’s own views for the future
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16
Q

What is John Bowlby’s attachment theory?

A

A framework for understanding the importance of the bonds formed between infants and their caregivers

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17
Q

What does John Bowlby’s attachment theory emphasise?

A

It plays a role in personal development and holds implications for lifelong emotional health and behaviour

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18
Q

What are the four attachment styles?

A
  • Secure attachment
  • Anxious attachment
  • Avoidant attachment
  • Disorganised attachment
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19
Q

What is secure attachment?

A

A positive and healthy relationship between an individual and their caregiver. Child is confident to explore the world, seek comfort when needed and develop trust in others

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20
Q

What is anxious attachment?

A

The child is anxious even with the caregiver around, but distressed when they are not nearby. They may be clingy and have difficulty with self soothing

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21
Q

What is avoidant attachment?

A

The child tends to avoid close emotional bonds with caregivers or strangers. They may appear emotionally distant and detached. This may have resulted from caregiver’s inconsistency or unresponsiveness

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22
Q

What is disorganised attachment?

A

The child simultaneously seeks for comfort and avoid their caregiver. This is caused from severe early childhood trauma, like abuse

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23
Q

List the stages of attachment

A
  • Pre-attachment (birth to 6 weeks)
  • Indiscriminate (6 weeks to 7 months)
  • Discriminate (7+ months)
  • Multiple (10+ months)
24
Q

What’s the first stage of child attachment?

A

Pre-attachment (birth to 6 weeks)
Baby shows no particular attachment to specific caregiver

25
Q

What’s the second stage of child attachment?

A

Indiscriminate (6 weeks to 7 months)
Infant begins to show preference for primary and secondary caregivers

26
Q

What’s the third stage of child attachment?

A

Discriminate (7 months+)
Infant shows attachment to one specific caregiver

27
Q

What’s the final stage of child attachment?

A

Multiple (10 months+)
Growing bonds with other caregivers

28
Q

What are the fundamental concepts of the attachment theory?

A
  • Evolutionary basis
  • Attachment as a lasting psychological connectedness
  • Safe haven and secure base
  • Internal working models
29
Q

What is meant by evolutionary basis?

A

Attachment behaviours are innate and evolutionarily programmed to increase the survival of the infant (crying and following to help keep the baby close to the caregiver, enhancing their safety)

30
Q

How is attachment a lasting psychological connection?

A

Bond has a great / intense implication for emotional stability and social relationships throughout life

31
Q

How does bonding create a safe haven and secure base?

A

The caregiver provides a safe haven from which the child can explore the world, and a secure base for the child to return to. The quality of support and responsiveness influences the security of the attachment formed

32
Q

What is meant by internal working models?

A

Mental representations of attachment relationships that children carry into adulthood. They guide individuals’ expectations in relationships, affecting their emotional responses and interactions with others

33
Q

What are the impacts of the attachment theory?

A
  • Parenting
  • Education
  • Healthcare
  • Social services
  • Mental health
34
Q

How can preschool teachers use the attachment theory? (7 are given)

A
  • Be a reliable support
  • Notice how each child is different
  • Help with feelings
  • Encourage playing together
  • Talk with parents
  • Guide emotions
  • Keep learning yourself
35
Q

What does a smile indicate?

A

It’s a sign that a baby is starting to develop social communication skills. Newborns smile as a reflex, making it hard to differentiate a real smile and one caught by chance

36
Q

When do babies smile?

A

Typically begin around 6 weeks and 8 weeks

37
Q

What is a social smile?

A

It signals that the baby is trying to engage with you and imitate your facial expressions. this level of social connection takes time to develop

38
Q

How do social communication milestones help caregivers and educators?

A

It helps them track the developmental progress of children and provide appropriate help

39
Q

What are the social communication milestones from birth to 2 months?

A
  • Cries and fusses to express needs
  • Begins to look at faces
  • Smiles responsively at parents
40
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 2 months to 4 months?

A
  • Social smiling in response to faces or voices
  • Starts to babble and mimic sounds
41
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 4 months to 6 months?

A
  • Laughs and makes sounds of excitement
  • Shows interest in communication through sounds and gestures
42
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 6 months to 9 months?

A
  • Understands basic gestures like waving
  • Begins to respond to own name
  • Distinguishes emotional tone in voices
43
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 9 months to 12 months?

A
  • Uses gestures like head shaking for ‘no’ and waving for ‘byebye’
  • Imitates speech sounds
  • Understands simple verbal requests
44
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 12 months to 18 months?

A
  • Speaks a few words meaningfully
  • Follows simple instructions with visual cues
  • Engages in simple games like peek-a-boo
45
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 18 months to 24 months?

A
  • Rapid vocabulary increase
  • Uses two-word phrases
  • Follows more complex instructions
  • Aware of turn-taking in conversation
46
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 2 years to 3 years?

A
  • Vocabulary of 200-1,000 words
  • Uses three-word sentences
  • Understands simple social rules
  • Uses pronouns and prepositions correctly
47
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 3 years to 4 years?

A
  • Engages in storytelling
  • Asks many questions
  • Understands most home and outside conversations
  • Plays cooperatively with peers
48
Q

What are the social communication milestones from 4 years to 5 years?

A
  • Uses full sentences and complex languages
  • Conversations are more detailed and structured
  • Understand abstract concepts like time and opposites
49
Q

What are emotional expressions?

A

A non-verbal language to convey our feelings, intentions and reactions to others. They can be complex and vary widely across different contexts and cultures

50
Q

How does understanding emotional expression help caregivers and educators?

A

It helps them respond more effectively to a baby’s needs. For example, knowing the difference between a cry of hunger and fear, it helps to address the specific needs quicker

51
Q

Name the emotional expressions of a newborn up to 3 months

A
  • Primary emotions: interest, distress, disgust, and contentment
  • Often responses to immediate physical experiences, or crying to express needs and discomforts
52
Q

Name the emotional expressions of 3 months to 6 months

A

Happiness and surprise

53
Q

Name the emotional expressions of 6 months to 12 months

A
  • Fear: Wariness of strangers, distress when separated from primary caregivers
  • Anger and frustration: When they can’t reach something they want or stopped from doing something
54
Q

Name the emotional expressions of 12 months to 18 months

A

The range of emotions become broader and more defined. They can show empathy, pride and jealousy, and may throw temper tantrums due to their growing sense of independence

55
Q

What are the types of emotional expressions?

A
  • Facial expression
  • Vocal expression (tone, pitch, volume, speed of speech)
  • Body language
  • Physiological responses (Blushing, sweating, racing heart)
  • Expressive behaviours (crying, laughing, yelling)
  • Symbolic expressions (painting, music, poetry)

HG&D (13 decks)

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